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As large language models (LLMs) proliferate in scale, specialization, and latency profiles, the challenge of routing user prompts to the most appropriate model has become increasingly critical for balancing performance and cost. We…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Amine Barrak , Yosr Fourati , Michael Olchawa , Emna Ksontini , Khalil Zoghlami

Model-free reinforcement learning (RL) is inherently a reactive method, operating under the assumption that it starts with no prior knowledge of the system and entirely depends on trial-and-error for learning. This approach faces several…

Neural reconstruction models for autonomous driving simulation have made significant strides in recent years, with dynamic models becoming increasingly prevalent. However, these models are typically limited to handling in-domain objects…

Reinforcement Learning (RL) in partially observable environments poses significant challenges due to the complexity of learning under uncertainty. While additional information, such as that available in simulations, can enhance training,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Yueheng Li , Guangming Xie , Zongqing Lu

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has improved the reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) by using rule-based binary feedback. However, current RLVR methods typically assign the same reward to every token.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Guofu Xie , Yunsheng Shi , Hongtao Tian , Ting Yao , Xiao Zhang

We introduce learning to condition (L2C), a scalable, data-driven framework for accelerating Most Probable Explanation (MPE) inference in Probabilistic Graphical Models (PGMs), a fundamentally intractable problem. L2C trains a neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Brij Malhotra , Shivvrat Arya , Tahrima Rahman , Vibhav Giridhar Gogate

Recent studies in using deep learning to solve routing problems focus on construction heuristics, the solutions of which are still far from optimality. Improvement heuristics have great potential to narrow this gap by iteratively refining a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Yaoxin Wu , Wen Song , Zhiguang Cao , Jie Zhang , Andrew Lim

In this paper, a systematic approach is developed to embed the dynamical description of a nonlinear system into a linear parameter-varying (LPV) system representation. Initially, the nonlinear functions in the model representation are…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-09 Arash Sadeghzadeh , Roland Toth

This paper introduces LeTO, a method for learning constrained visuomotor policy with differentiable trajectory optimization. Our approach integrates a differentiable optimization layer into the neural network. By formulating the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Zhengtong Xu , Yu She

The profiled vehicle routing problem (PVRP) is a generalization of the heterogeneous capacitated vehicle routing problem (HCVRP) in which the objective is to optimize the routes of vehicles to serve client demands subject to different…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Chuanbo Hua , Federico Berto , Jiwoo Son , Seunghyun Kang , Changhyun Kwon , Jinkyoo Park

Model-free deep-reinforcement-based learning algorithms have been applied to a range of COPs~\cite{bello2016neural}~\cite{kool2018attention}~\cite{nazari2018reinforcement}. However, these approaches suffer from two key challenges when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Nasrin Sultana , Jeffrey Chan , Tabinda Sarwar , A. K. Qin

The ability to navigate and interact with complex environments is central to real-world embodied agents, yet navigation in unseen environments remains challenging due to "experiential amnesia," where existing trajectory-driven or reactive…

Learning to optimize - the idea that we can learn from data algorithms that optimize a numerical criterion - has recently been at the heart of a growing number of research efforts. One of the most challenging issues within this approach is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-21 Louis Faury , Flavian Vasile

Combinatorial optimization problem (COP) over graphs is a fundamental challenge in optimization. Reinforcement learning (RL) has recently emerged as a new framework to tackle these problems and has demonstrated promising results. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-05 Fan Yao , Renqin Cai , Hongning Wang

Routing problems are canonical combinatorial optimization tasks with wide-ranging applications in logistics, transportation, and supply chain management. However, solving these problems becomes significantly more challenging when complex…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-06 Tianyou Li , Haijun Zou , Jiayuan Wu , Zaiwen Wen

Underwater vehicles are employed in the exploration of dynamic environments where tuning of a specific controller for each task would be time-consuming and unreliable as the controller depends on calculated mathematical coefficients in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-14 Wilmer Ariza Ramirez , Zhi Q. Leong , Hung D. Nguyen , S. G. Jayasinghe

Learning multiple tasks sequentially without forgetting previous knowledge, called Continual Learning(CL), remains a long-standing challenge for neural networks. Most existing methods rely on additional network capacity or data replay. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Hao Liu , Huaping Liu

Combinatorial optimization problems (COPs) are an important research topic in various fields. In recent times, there have been many attempts to solve COPs using deep learning-based approaches. We propose a novel neural network model that…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2023-04-17 Jaeseung Lee , Woojin Choi , Jibum Kim

Existing Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) suffer from increased inference costs due to the additional vision tokens introduced by image inputs. In this work, we propose Visual Consistency Learning (ViCO), a novel training algorithm…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Long Cui , Weiyun Wang , Jie Shao , Zichen Wen , Gen Luo , Linfeng Zhang , Yanting Zhang , Yu Qiao , Wenhai Wang

End-to-end autonomous driving frameworks face persistent challenges in generalization, training efficiency, and interpretability. While recent methods leverage Vision-Language Models (VLMs) through supervised learning on large-scale…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Lin Li , Yuxin Cai , Jianwu Fang , Jianru Xue , Chen Lv