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We present the implementation and the first results of cosmic ray (CR) feedback in the Feedback In Realistic Environments (FIRE) simulations. We investigate CR feedback in non-cosmological simulations of dwarf, sub-$L\star$ starburst, and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-09-04 T. K. Chan , D. Keres , P. F. Hopkins , E. Quataert , K. -Y. Su , C. C. Hayward , C. -A. Faucher-Giguere

Cosmic rays (CRs) have recently re-emerged as attractive candidates for mediating feedback in galaxies because of their long cooling timescales. They can have energy densities comparable to the thermal gas, but do not suffer catastrophic…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-01-25 Joshua Wiener , Christoph Pfrommer , S. Peng Oh

This study explores the dynamical impact of cosmic rays (CRs) in Milky Way-like galaxies using the Rhea simulation suite. Cosmic rays, with their substantial energy density, influence the interstellar medium (ISM) by supporting galactic…

We present a suite of high-resolution cosmological simulations, using the FIRE-2 feedback physics together with explicit treatment of magnetic fields, anisotropic conduction and viscosity, and cosmic rays (CRs) injected by supernovae…

The circumgalactic medium (CGM) remains one of the least constrained components of galaxies and as such has significant potential for advancing galaxy formation theories. In this work, we vary the extragalactic ultraviolet background for a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-08-31 Lauren Corlies , David Schiminovich

The hot component of the circum-galactic medium (CGM) around star forming galaxies is detected as diffuse X-ray emission. The X-ray spectra from the CGM depend on the temperature and metallicity of the emitting plasma, providing important…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-12-08 Aditi Vijayan , Miao Li

Latest precise cosmic-ray (CR) measurements and present gamma-ray observations have started challenging our understanding of CR transport and interaction in the Galaxy. Moreover, because the density of CRs is similar to the density of the…

We investigate how cosmic rays (CRs) affect thermal and hydrostatic stability of circumgalactic (CGM) gas, in simulations with both CR streaming and diffusion. Local thermal instability can be suppressed by CR-driven entropy mode…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-05-25 Tsun Hin Navin Tsung , S. Peng Oh , Chad Bustard

Cosmic rays (CRs) are an integral component of the interstellar medium, producing broadband emission while interacting with other Galactic matter components like the interstellar gas or magnetic fields. In addition to observations,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-10-12 Julia Thaler , Ralf Kissmann , Olaf Reimer

Cosmic rays (CRs) play a major role in the dynamics of the interstellar medium (ISM). Their interactions and transport ionize, heat, and push the ISM thereby coupling different regions of it. The spatial distribution of CRs depends on the…

Does cosmic ray (CR) pressure matter for the circumgalactic medium (CGM)? Despite growing interest, this remains a debated question, complicated by limited observational constraints and differing implementations of CR physics in…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-27 Manami Roy , Kung-Yi Su , Stephanie Tonnesen , Yue Samuel Lu , Cameron Hummels , Sam B. Ponnada

It is well known that cosmic rays (CRs) contribute significantly to the pressure of the interstellar medium in our own Galaxy, suggesting that they may play an important role in regulating star formation during the formation and evolution…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Christoph Pfrommer , Volker Springel , Martin Jubelgas , Torsten A. Ensslin

Large reservoirs of cold (~ 10^4 K) gas exist out to and beyond the virial radius in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) of all types of galaxies. Photoionization modeling suggests that cold CGM gas has significantly lower densities than…

Recent years have seen many arguments for cosmic rays (CRs) as an important influence on galactic and circumgalactic (CGM) physics, star and galaxy formation. We present a pedagogical overview of state-of-the-art modeling of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-05-11 Philip F. Hopkins

The microphysics of ~GeV cosmic ray (CR) transport on galactic scales remain deeply uncertain, with almost all studies adopting simple prescriptions (e.g. constant-diffusivity). We explore different physically-motivated, anisotropic,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-03-18 Philip F. Hopkins , Jonathan Squire , T. K. Chan , Eliot Quataert , Suoqing Ji , Dusan Keres , Claude-Andre Faucher-Giguere

Cosmic rays (CRs) are a plausible mechanism for launching winds of cool material from the discs of star-forming galaxies. However, there is no consensus on what types of galaxies likely host CR-driven winds, or what role these winds might…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-03-03 Roland M. Crocker , Mark R. Krumholz , Todd A. Thompson

Feedback mediated by cosmic rays (CRs) is an important process in galaxy formation. Because CRs are long-lived and because they are transported along magnetic field lines independently of any gas flow, they can efficiently distribute their…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-03-24 Timon Thomas , Christoph Pfrommer , Rüdiger Pakmor

Direct measurements of cosmic ray (CR) species combined with observations of their associated gamma-ray emissions can be used to constrain models of CR propagation, trace the structure of the Galaxy, and search for signatures of new…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-04-11 Gudlaugur Johannesson , Troy A. Porter , Igor V. Moskalenko

The Milky Way galaxy is surrounded by a circumgalactic medium (CGM) that may play a key role in galaxy evolution as the source of gas for star formation and a repository of metals and energy produced by star formation and nuclear activity.…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-11-03 P. Kaaret , D. Koutroumpa , K. D. Kuntz , K. Jahoda , J. Bluem , H. Gulick , E. Hodges-Kluck , D. M. LaRocca , R. Ringuette , A. Zajczyk

Fermi/LAT observations of star-forming galaxies in the ~0.1-100GeV range have made possible a first population study. Evidence was found for a correlation between gamma-ray luminosity and tracers of the star formation activity. Studying…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-18 Pierrick Martin