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We introduce SWE-Lancer, a benchmark of over 1,400 freelance software engineering tasks from Upwork, valued at \$1 million USD total in real-world payouts. SWE-Lancer encompasses both independent engineering tasks--ranging from \$50 bug…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Samuel Miserendino , Michele Wang , Tejal Patwardhan , Johannes Heidecke

Large language models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly widespread. Organizations that want to use AI for productivity now face an important decision. They can subscribe to commercial LLM services or deploy models on their own…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Guanzhong Pan , Vishal Chodnekar , Abinas Roy , Haibo Wang

Large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT have significantly lowered the cost of producing written content. This paper studies how LLMs, through lowering writing costs, disrupt markets that traditionally relied on writing as a costly signal…

General Economics · Economics 2025-11-13 Anais Galdin , Jesse Silbert

Large Language Models (LLMs) ) have demonstrated promise in boosting productivity across AI-powered tools, yet existing benchmarks like Massive Multitask Language Understanding (MMLU) inadequately assess enterprise-specific task…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Liya Wang , David Yi , Damien Jose , John Passarelli , James Gao , Jordan Leventis , Kang Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly employed in software engineering tasks such as requirements elicitation, design, and evaluation, raising critical questions regarding their alignment with human judgments on responsible AI…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Asma Yamani , Malak Baslyman , Moataz Ahmed

This study examines the potential of large language models (LLMs) to augment the academic peer review process by reliably evaluating the quality of economics research without introducing systematic bias. We conduct one of the first…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Pat Pataranutaporn , Nattavudh Powdthavee , Chayapatr Achiwaranguprok , Pattie Maes

Practitioners often navigate LLM performance trade-offs by plotting Pareto frontiers of optimal accuracy-cost trade-offs. However, this approach offers no way to compare between LLMs with distinct strengths and weaknesses: for example, a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Michael J. Zellinger , Matt Thomson

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been a promising way for automated vulnerability detection. However, most prior studies have explored the use of LLMs to detect vulnerabilities only within single functions, disregarding those related to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Kevin Lira , Baldoino Fonseca , Davy Baía , Márcio Ribeiro , Wesley K. G. Assunção

Large language models (LLMs) have become increasingly embedded in organizational workflows. This has raised concerns over their energy consumption, financial costs, and data sovereignty. While performance benchmarks often celebrate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jennifer Haase , Finn Klessascheck , Jan Mendling , Sebastian Pokutta

The advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly boosted performance in natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, the deployment of high-performance LLMs incurs substantial costs, primarily due to the increased…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Saehan Jo , Immanuel Trummer

This study presents a novel benchmark for evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) using challenges derived from the Financial Modeling World Cup (FMWC) Excel competitions. We introduce a methodology for converting 113 existing FMWC…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-09 David Noever , Forrest McKee

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential as autonomous agents, approaching human-expert performance through advanced reasoning and tool orchestration. However, decision-making in fully dynamic and live…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-12-15 Tianyu Fan , Yuhao Yang , Yangqin Jiang , Yifei Zhang , Yuxuan Chen , Chao Huang

The versatility of large language models (LLMs) led to the creation of diverse benchmarks that thoroughly test a variety of language models' abilities. These benchmarks consist of tens of thousands of examples making evaluation of LLMs very…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Felipe Maia Polo , Lucas Weber , Leshem Choshen , Yuekai Sun , Gongjun Xu , Mikhail Yurochkin

The adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) for code generation in data science offers substantial potential for enhancing tasks such as data manipulation, statistical analysis, and visualization. However, the effectiveness of these models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Nathalia Nascimento , Everton Guimaraes , Sai Sanjna Chintakunta , Santhosh Anitha Boominathan

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a transformative development in artificial intelligence (AI), drawing significant attention from industry and academia. Trained on vast datasets, these sophisticated AI systems…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Oudom Hean , Utsha Saha , Binita Saha

Although large language models (LLMs) has shown great performance on natural language processing (NLP) in the financial domain, there are no publicly available financial tailtored LLMs, instruction tuning datasets, and evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Qianqian Xie , Weiguang Han , Xiao Zhang , Yanzhao Lai , Min Peng , Alejandro Lopez-Lira , Jimin Huang

This paper presents an in-depth analysis of the performance of seven different Large Language Models (LLMs) in solving a diverse set of math advanced calculus problems. The study aims to evaluate these models' accuracy, reliability, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-07 In Hak Moon

We present initial results of a forthcoming benchmark for evaluating LLM agents on white-collar tasks of economic value. We evaluate agents on real-world "messy" open-web research tasks of the type that are routine in finance and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Peter Mühlbacher , Nikos I. Bosse , Lawrence Phillips

Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has emerged as a transformative force in financial analysis and the finance industry, though significant questions remain about the full capabilities of Large Language Model (LLM) agents in this…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Antoine Bigeard , Langston Nashold , Rayan Krishnan , Shirley Wu

The advent of Large Language Models (LLM) has revolutionized the efficiency and speed with which tasks are completed, marking a significant leap in productivity through technological innovation. As these chatbots tackle increasingly complex…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Luc Bryan Heitz , Joun Chamas , Christopher Scherb
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