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The history of science is punctuated by serendipitous discoveries, where unexpected observations, rather than targeted hypotheses, opened new fields of inquiry. While modern autonomous laboratories excel at accelerating hypothesis testing,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Lance Yao , Suman Samantray , Ayana Ghosh , Kevin Roccapriore , Libor Kovarik , Sarah Allec , Maxim Ziatdinov

Drug discovery remains a formidable challenge: more than 90 percent of candidate molecules fail in clinical evaluation, and development costs often exceed one billion dollars per approved therapy. Disparate data streams, from genomics and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Kevin Song , Andrew Trotter , Jake Y. Chen

Designing a generalist scientific agent capable of performing tasks in laboratory settings to assist researchers has become a key goal in recent Artificial Intelligence (AI) research. Unlike everyday tasks, scientific tasks are inherently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Minh Pham Dinh , Munira Syed , Michael G Yankoski , Trenton W. Ford

Modern scientific discovery increasingly requires coordinating distributed facilities and heterogeneous resources, forcing researchers to act as manual workflow coordinators rather than scientists. Advances in AI leading to AI agents show…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Woong Shin , Renan Souza , Daniel Rosendo , Frédéric Suter , Feiyi Wang , Prasanna Balaprakash , Rafael Ferreira da Silva

Artificial intelligence is reshaping scientific exploration, but most methods automate procedural tasks without engaging in scientific reasoning, limiting autonomy in discovery. We introduce Materials Agents for Simulation and Theory in…

Multi-agent systems have emerged as a powerful paradigm for automating scientific discovery. To differentiate agent behavior in the multi-agent system, current frameworks typically assign generic role-based personas such as ''reviewer'' or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yunhui Jang , Seonghyun Park , Jaehyung Kim , Sungsoo Ahn

Automating scientific discovery requires more than generating papers from ideas. Real research is iterative: hypotheses are challenged from multiple perspectives, experiments fail and inform the next attempt, and lessons accumulate across…

Historically, scientific discovery has been a lengthy and costly process, demanding substantial time and resources from initial conception to final results. To accelerate scientific discovery, reduce research costs, and improve research…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Samuel Schmidgall , Yusheng Su , Ze Wang , Ximeng Sun , Jialian Wu , Xiaodong Yu , Jiang Liu , Michael Moor , Zicheng Liu , Emad Barsoum

ResearchPilot is an open-source, self-hostable multi-agent system for literature-review assistance. Given a natural-language research question, it retrieves papers from Semantic Scholar and arXiv, extracts structured findings from paper…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Peng Zhang

Deep learning has been widely used in source code classification tasks, such as code classification according to their functionalities, code authorship attribution, and vulnerability detection. Unfortunately, the black-box nature of deep…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Zhen Li , Ruqian Zhang , Deqing Zou , Ning Wang , Yating Li , Shouhuai Xu , Chen Chen , Hai Jin

A key challenge in artificial intelligence is the creation of systems capable of autonomously advancing scientific understanding by exploring novel domains, identifying complex patterns, and uncovering previously unseen connections in vast…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Alireza Ghafarollahi , Markus J. Buehler

The rapid spread of misinformation in the digital era poses significant challenges to public discourse, necessitating robust and scalable fact-checking solutions. Traditional human-led fact-checking methods, while credible, struggle with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Tam Trinh , Manh Nguyen , Truong-Son Hy

Traditional AI-based healthcare systems often rely on single-modal data, limiting diagnostic accuracy due to incomplete information. However, recent advancements in foundation models show promising potential for enhancing diagnosis…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Sihan Wang , Suiyang Jiang , Yibo Gao , Boming Wang , Shangqi Gao , Xiahai Zhuang

Rare diseases represent the long tail of medical imaging, where AI models often fail due to the scarcity of representative training data. In clinical workflows, radiologists frequently consult case reports and literature when confronted…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Ha Young Kim , Jun Li , Ana Beatriz Solana , Carolin M. Pirkl , Benedikt Wiestler , Julia A. Schnabel , Cosmin I. Bercea

The increasing prevalence of retinal diseases poses a significant challenge to the healthcare system, as the demand for ophthalmologists surpasses the available workforce. This imbalance creates a bottleneck in diagnosis and treatment,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-15 Jia-Hong Huang

This paper provides a systematic survey of retinal diseases that cause visual impairments or blindness, emphasizing the importance of early detection for effective treatment. It covers both clinical and automated approaches for detecting…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-27 Hina Raja , Taimur Hassan , Bilal Hassan , Muhammad Usman Akram , Hira Raja , Alaa A Abd-alrazaq , Siamak Yousefi , Naoufel Werghi

This paper introduces Agent-Based Auto Research, a structured multi-agent framework designed to automate, coordinate, and optimize the full lifecycle of scientific research. Leveraging the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) and…

Suicide is a major public health crisis. With more than 20,000,000 suicide attempts each year, the early detection of suicidal intent has the potential to save hundreds of thousands of lives. Traditional mental health screening methods are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Daniel DiPietro , Vivek Hazari , Soroush Vosoughi

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the form of an interpretable and semiautomatic approach to stage grading ocular pathologies such as Diabetic retinopathy, Hypertensive retinopathy, and other retinopathies on the backdrop of major…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-15 Ayushi Raj Bhatt , Rajkumar Vaghashiya , Meghna Kulkarni , Dr Prakash Kamaraj

Drug discovery is a long, expensive, and complex process, relying heavily on human medicinal chemists, who can spend years searching the vast space of potential therapies. Recent advances in artificial intelligence for chemistry have sought…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Reza Averly , Frazier N. Baker , Ian A. Watson , Xia Ning