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Adversarial purification with diffusion models has emerged as a promising defense strategy, but existing methods typically rely on uniform noise injection, which indiscriminately perturbs all frequencies, corrupting semantic structures and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Xiaoyi Huang , Junwei Wu , Kejia Zhang , Carl Yang , Zhiming Luo

Despite the fact that deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved prominent performance in various applications, it is well known that DNNs are vulnerable to adversarial examples/samples (AEs) with imperceptible perturbations in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-22 Yanni Li , Wenhui Zhang , Jiawei Liu , Xiaoli Kou , Hui Li , Jiangtao Cui

Diffusion models have been recently employed to improve certified robustness through the process of denoising. However, the theoretical understanding of why diffusion models are able to improve the certified robustness is still lacking,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Chaowei Xiao , Zhongzhu Chen , Kun Jin , Jiongxiao Wang , Weili Nie , Mingyan Liu , Anima Anandkumar , Bo Li , Dawn Song

Continuous normalizing flows (CNFs) can model data distributions with expressive infinite-length architectures. But this modeling involves computationally expensive process of solving an ordinary differential equation (ODE) during maximum…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Denis Gudovskiy , Tomoyuki Okuno , Yohei Nakata

Recent optical flow methods are almost exclusively judged in terms of accuracy, while their robustness is often neglected. Although adversarial attacks offer a useful tool to perform such an analysis, current attacks on optical flow methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Jenny Schmalfuss , Philipp Scholze , Andrés Bruhn

Recent advances in inverse problem solving have increasingly adopted flow priors over diffusion models due to their ability to construct straight probability paths from noise to data, thereby enhancing efficiency in both training and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Hossein Askari , Yadan Luo , Hongfu Sun , Fred Roosta

Diffusion-based purification (DBP) methods aim to remove adversarial noise from the input sample by first injecting Gaussian noise through a forward diffusion process, and then recovering the clean example through a reverse generative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Yuhao Sun , Jiacheng Zhang , Zesheng Ye , Chaowei Xiao , Feng Liu

Diffusion models (DMs) have emerged as powerful generative models for solving inverse problems, offering a good approximation of prior distributions of real-world image data. Typically, diffusion models rely on large-scale clean signals to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Yifei Wang , Weimin Bai , Weijian Luo , Wenzheng Chen , He Sun

Recognizing 3D point cloud plays a pivotal role in many real-world applications. However, deploying 3D point cloud deep learning model is vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Despite many efforts into developing robust model by adversarial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Jinpeng Lin , Xulei Yang , Tianrui Li , Xun Xu

Machine learning (ML) has gained significant adoption in Android malware detection to address the escalating threats posed by the rapid proliferation of malware attacks. However, recent studies have revealed the inherent vulnerabilities of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Yuyang Zhou , Guang Cheng , Zongyao Chen , Shui Yu

The success of diffusion models has enabled effortless, high-quality image modifications that precisely align with users' intentions, thereby raising concerns about their potential misuse by malicious actors. Previous studies have attempted…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Hohyun Na , Seunghoo Hong , Simon S. Woo

Flow matching (FM) is a family of training algorithms for fitting continuous normalizing flows (CNFs). Conditional flow matching (CFM) exploits the fact that the marginal vector field of a CNF can be learned by fitting least-squares…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-04 Ganchao Wei , Li Ma

Adversarial defense research continues to face challenges in combating against advanced adversarial attacks, yet with diffusion models increasingly favoring their defensive capabilities. Unlike most prior studies that focus on diffusion…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Yuan-Chih Chen , Chun-Shien Lu

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have risen to prominence as key solutions in numerous AI applications for earth observation (AI4EO). However, their susceptibility to adversarial examples poses a critical challenge, compromising the reliability…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Weikang Yu , Yonghao Xu , Pedram Ghamisi

This work presents an information-theoretic examination of diffusion-based purification methods, the state-of-the-art adversarial defenses that utilize diffusion models to remove malicious perturbations in adversarial examples. By…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Geigh Zollicoffer , Minh Vu , Ben Nebgen , Juan Castorena , Boian Alexandrov , Manish Bhattarai

This work proposes an efficient method to enhance the quality of corrupted speech signals by leveraging both acoustic and visual cues. While existing diffusion-based approaches have demonstrated remarkable quality, their applicability is…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-14 Chaeyoung Jung , Suyeon Lee , Ji-Hoon Kim , Joon Son Chung

Black-box query-based attacks constitute significant threats to Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) systems since they can generate adversarial examples without accessing the target model's architecture and parameters. Traditional defense…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Ping Guo , Xiang Li , Zhiyuan Yang , Xi Lin , Qingchuan Zhao , Qingfu Zhang

Inverse problems, which involve estimating parameters from incomplete or noisy observations, arise in various fields such as medical imaging, geophysics, and signal processing. These problems are often ill-posed, requiring regularization…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-03 Shadab Ahamed , Eldad Haber

Recently, text-to-image generative models have been misused to create unauthorized malicious images of individuals, posing a growing social problem. Previous solutions, such as Anti-DreamBooth, add adversarial noise to images to protect…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Takuto Onikubo , Yusuke Matsui

By chaining a sequence of differentiable invertible transformations, normalizing flows (NF) provide an expressive method of posterior approximation, exact density evaluation, and sampling. The trend in normalizing flow literature has been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Robert Giaquinto , Arindam Banerjee