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Visual agent models for automating human activities on Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) have emerged as a promising research direction, driven by advances in large Vision Language Models (VLMs). A critical challenge in GUI automation is the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Joonhyung Park , Peng Tang , Sagnik Das , Srikar Appalaraju , Kunwar Yashraj Singh , R. Manmatha , Shabnam Ghadar

Graphical User Interface (GUI) element grounding (precisely locating elements on screenshots based on natural language instructions) is fundamental for agents interacting with GUIs. Deploying this capability directly on resource-constrained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Hongxin Li , Yuntao Chen , Zhaoxiang Zhang

Computer use agents automate digital tasks by directly interacting with graphical user interfaces (GUIs) on computers and mobile devices, offering significant potential to enhance human productivity by completing an open-ended space of user…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Saaket Agashe , Kyle Wong , Vincent Tu , Jiachen Yang , Ang Li , Xin Eric Wang

Graphical user interface (GUI) grounding is a fundamental task for building GUI agents. However, general vision-language models (VLMs) struggle with this task due to a lack of specific optimization. We identify a key gap in this paper:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Weiming Li , Yan Shao , Jing Yang , Yujing Lu , Ling Zhong , Yuhan Wang , Manni Duan

Scaling generalist GUI agents is hindered by the data scalability bottleneck of expensive human demonstrations and the "distillation ceiling" of synthetic teacher supervision. To transcend these limitations, we propose UI-Oceanus, a…

Graphical User Interface (GUI) grounding, the task of mapping natural language instructions to precise screen coordinates, is fundamental to autonomous GUI agents. While existing methods achieve strong performance through extensive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Yong Du , Yuchen Yan , Fei Tang , Zhengxi Lu , Chang Zong , Weiming Lu , Shengpei Jiang , Yongliang Shen

Graphical User Interface (GUI) action grounding is a critical step in GUI automation that maps language instructions to actionable elements on GUI screens. Most recent works of GUI action grounding leverage large GUI datasets to fine-tune…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Yue Fan , Handong Zhao , Ruiyi Zhang , Yu Shen , Xin Eric Wang , Gang Wu

Graphical user interface visual grounding (GUI-VG), a core capability for GUI agents, has primarily relied on supervised fine-tuning (SFT) of multimodal large language models (MLLMs), which demands extensive data curation and significant…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Weitai Kang , Bin Lei , Gaowen Liu , Caiwen Ding , Yan Yan

Recent advances in Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents have shown remarkable progress in code generation. However, current agent methods mainly rely on text-output-based feedback (e.g. command-line outputs) for multi-round debugging and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Zhilin Liu , Ye Huang , Ting Xie , Ruizhi Zhang , Wen Li , Lixin Duan

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents have the potential to assist users in interacting with complex software (e.g., PowerPoint, Photoshop). While prior research has primarily focused on automating user actions through clicks and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Saelyne Yang , Jaesang Yu , Yi-Hao Peng , Kevin Qinghong Lin , Jae Won Cho , Yale Song , Juho Kim

We introduce RegionFocus, a visual test-time scaling approach for Vision Language Model Agents. Understanding webpages is challenging due to the visual complexity of GUI images and the large number of interface elements, making accurate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Tiange Luo , Lajanugen Logeswaran , Justin Johnson , Honglak Lee

Despite the rapid progress of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), their ability to perform reliable visual grounding in high-stakes clinical software environments remains underexplored. Existing GUI benchmarks largely focus on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Rozain Shakeel , Abdul Rahman Mohammad Ali , Muneeb Mushtaq , Tausifa Jan Saleem , Tajamul Ashraf

Computer-use agents (CUAs) automate on-screen work, as illustrated by GPT-5.4 and Claude. Yet their reliability on complex, low-frequency interactions is still poor, limiting user trust. Our analysis of failure cases from advanced models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Miaosen Zhang , Xiaohan Zhao , Zhihong Tan , Zhou Huoshen , Yijia Fan , Yifan Yang , Kai Qiu , Bei Liu , Justin Wagle , Chenzhong Yin , Mingxi Cheng , Ji Li , Qi Dai , Chong Luo , Xu Yang , Xin Geng , Baining Guo

Graphical User Interface (GUI) grounding maps natural language instructions to precise interface locations for autonomous interaction. Current reinforcement learning approaches use binary rewards that treat elements as hit-or-miss targets,…

Despite the rapid progress of large vision-language models (LVLMs), fine-grained, state-conditioned GUI interaction remains challenging. Current evaluations offer limited coverage, imprecise target-state definitions, and an overreliance on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Fengxian Ji , Jingpu Yang , Zirui Song , Yuanxi Wang , Zhexuan Cui , Yuke Li , Qian Jiang , Xiuying Chen

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents, which autonomously operate on digital interfaces through natural language instructions, hold transformative potential for accessibility, automation, and user experience. A critical aspect of their…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Yuheng Lu , Qian Yu , Hongru Wang , Zeming Liu , Wei Su , Yanping Liu , Yuhang Guo , Maocheng Liang , Yunhong Wang , Haifeng Wang

Grounding natural language queries in graphical user interfaces (GUIs) presents a challenging task that requires models to comprehend diverse UI elements across various applications and systems, while also accurately predicting the spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Zhecheng Li , Guoxian Song , Yiwei Wang , Zhen Xiong , Junsong Yuan , Yujun Cai

This paper introduces GUI-Owl, a foundational GUI agent model that achieves state-of-the-art performance among open-source end-to-end models on ten GUI benchmarks across desktop and mobile environments, covering grounding, question…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Jiabo Ye , Xi Zhang , Haiyang Xu , Haowei Liu , Junyang Wang , Zhaoqing Zhu , Ziwei Zheng , Feiyu Gao , Junjie Cao , Zhengxi Lu , Jitong Liao , Qi Zheng , Fei Huang , Jingren Zhou , Ming Yan

GUI grounding is a critical capability for enabling GUI agents to execute tasks such as clicking and dragging. However, in complex scenarios like the ScreenSpot-Pro benchmark, existing models often suffer from suboptimal performance.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Borui Zhang , Bo Zhang , Bo Wang , Wenzhao Zheng , Yuhao Cheng , Liang Tang , Yiqiang Yan , Jie Zhou , Jiwen Lu

The development of GUI agents could revolutionize the next generation of human-computer interaction. Motivated by this vision, we present MAI-UI, a family of foundation GUI agents spanning the full spectrum of sizes, including 2B, 8B, 32B,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Hanzhang Zhou , Xu Zhang , Panrong Tong , Jianan Zhang , Liangyu Chen , Quyu Kong , Chenglin Cai , Chen Liu , Yue Wang , Jingren Zhou , Steven Hoi