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Deep learning models have become state of the art for natural language processing (NLP) tasks, however deploying these models in production system poses significant memory constraints. Existing compression methods are either lossy or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-05 Anish Acharya , Rahul Goel , Angeliki Metallinou , Inderjit Dhillon

Incorporating external knowledge in large language models (LLMs) enhances their utility across diverse applications, but existing methods have trade-offs. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) fetches evidence via similarity search, but key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Giulio Corallo , Orion Weller , Fabio Petroni , Paolo Papotti

Large Language Models (LLMs) based on autoregressive, decoder-only Transformers generate text one token at a time, where a token represents a discrete unit of text. As each newly produced token is appended to the partial output sequence,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Dimitrios Kafetzis , Ramin Khalili , Iordanis Koutsopoulos

Adaptive Rounding has emerged as an alternative to round-to-nearest (RTN) for post-training quantization by enabling cross-element error cancellation. Yet, dense and element-wise rounding matrices are prohibitively expensive for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yuli Zhou , Qingxuan Chen , Luca Benini , Guolei Sun , Yawei Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse natural language tasks but suffer from extremely large memory footprints and computational costs. In this paper, we introduce a tensor compression…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 A. El Ichi , K. Jbilou

It is a common practice in natural language processing to pre-train a single model on a general domain and then fine-tune it for downstream tasks. However, when it comes to Large Language Models, fine-tuning the entire model can be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Cristian Meo , Ksenia Sycheva , Anirudh Goyal , Justin Dauwels

Despite their ubiquity in NLP tasks, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks suffer from computational inefficiencies caused by inherent unparallelizable recurrences, which further aggravates as LSTMs require more parameters for larger…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-28 Genta Indra Winata , Andrea Madotto , Jamin Shin , Elham J. Barezi , Pascale Fung

Large language models split into two families: reasoning-centric LLMs, which strengthen internal chain-of-thought reasoning but cannot invoke external tools, and agentic LLMs, which learn to interact with environments and leverage tools but…

Large language models (LLMs) have been applied in various applications due to their astonishing capabilities. With advancements in technologies such as chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting and in-context learning (ICL), the prompts fed to LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Huiqiang Jiang , Qianhui Wu , Chin-Yew Lin , Yuqing Yang , Lili Qiu

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities across various tasks. However, training LLMs from scratch requires significant computational power and extensive memory capacity. Recent studies have explored low-rank…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Andi Han , Jiaxiang Li , Wei Huang , Mingyi Hong , Akiko Takeda , Pratik Jawanpuria , Bamdev Mishra

Federated fine-tuning for Large Language Models (LLMs) faces significant challenges due to the heavy communication overhead of transmitting large model updates. Although Low Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has been proposed as a solution, yet its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Jabin Koo , Minwoo Jang , Jungseul Ok

Large reasoning models (LRMs) reach competition-level math and coding accuracy via long autoregressive decoding, making per-token decoding cost a primary deployment concern. Weight quantization is the standard tool for acceleration, but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Euntae Choi , Sumin Song , Sungjoo Yoo

Tensor methods are among the most prominent tools for the numerical solution of high-dimensional problems where functions of multiple variables have to be approximated. These methods exploit the tensor structure of function spaces and apply…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-02-01 Anthony Nouy

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced natural language processing with exceptional task generalization capabilities. Low-Rank Adaption (LoRA) offers a cost-effective fine-tuning solution, freezing the original model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Jun Zhang , Jue Wang , Huan Li , Lidan Shou , Ke Chen , Yang You , Guiming Xie , Xuejian Gong , Kunlong Zhou

Applying a pre-trained large model to downstream tasks is prohibitive under resource-constrained conditions. Recent dominant approaches for addressing efficiency issues involve adding a few learnable parameters to the fixed backbone model.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Yangyang Guo , Guangzhi Wang , Mohan Kankanhalli

Large Language Models (LLMs) are computationally intensive, particularly during inference. Neuron-adaptive techniques, which selectively activate neurons in Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) layers, offer some speedups but suffer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Roberto Garcia , Jerry Liu , Daniel Sorvisto , Sabri Eyuboglu

Recent studies suggest that context-aware low-rank approximation is a useful tool for compression and fine-tuning of modern large-scale neural networks. In this type of approximation, a norm is weighted by a matrix of input activations,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Uliana Parkina , Maxim Rakhuba

The quadratic complexity of the attention module makes it gradually become the bulk of compute in Transformer-based LLMs during generation. Moreover, the excessive key-value cache that arises when dealing with long inputs also brings severe…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Siyu Ren , Qi Jia , Kenny Q. Zhu

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is one of the most widely used techniques for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs). By introducing a small number of trainable low-rank weight matrices, LoRA substantially reduces the number of parameters that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Seokmin Ko

Large language models hold considerable promise for various applications, but their computational requirements create a barrier that many institutions cannot overcome. A single session using a 70-billion-parameter model can cost around $127…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Zuhair Ahmed Khan Taha , Mohammed Mudassir Uddin , Shahnawaz Alam