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Winds in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) display a wide range of velocity profiles and turbulence properties that affect wind turbine wake dynamics. However, standard concurrent-precursor large eddy simulations (LES) often neglect…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-12-23 Kirby S. Heck , Michael F. Howland

A central challenge in the design of energy-efficient wind farms is the presence of wake effects between turbines. When a wind turbine harvests energy from free wind, it produces a turbulent region with reduced energy for downstream…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-24 James Kotary , Natalie Isenberg , Draguna Vrabie

In this study, we present an improved formulation for the wake-added turbulence to enhance the accuracy of intra-farm and farm-to-farm wake modeling through analytical frameworks. Our goal is to address the tendency of a commonly used…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-12-11 Navid Zehtabiyan-Rezaie , Josephine Perto Justsen , Mahdi Abkar

Computational fluid dynamics using the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) remains the most cost-effective approach to study wake flows and power losses in wind farms. The underlying assumptions associated with turbulence closures are…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-08-03 Ali Eidi , Navid Zehtabiyan-Rezaie , Reza Ghiassi , Xiang Yang , Mahdi Abkar

Several novel wind energy systems produce wakes with annular cross-sections, which are qualitatively different from the wakes with circular cross-sections commonly generated by conventional horizontal-axis wind turbines and by compact…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-09-27 Sam Kaufman-Martin , Nicholas Naclerio , Pedro May , Paolo Luzzatto-Fegiz

The state-of-the-art in wind-farm flow-physics modeling is Large Eddy Simulation (LES) which makes accurate predictions of most relevant physics, but requires extensive computational resources. The next-fidelity model types are…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-01-19 Julia Steiner , Richard P. Dwight , Axelle Viré

Accurate prediction of turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) added by wind-turbine wakes is of significant scientific value for understanding the wake recovery mechanisms. Furthermore, this physical quantity is a critical input for engineering…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-11-26 Bowen Du , Jingshan Zhu , Baoliang Li , Mingwei Ge , Xintao Li , Yongqian Liu

Active flow control is applied to improve the aerodynamic performance of a NACA0018 airfoil operating as a single-bladed vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT). Results computed by wall-resolved large-eddy simulations (LES) highlight the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-07-14 Lucas Feitosa de Souza , Renato Fuzaro Miotto , William Roberto Wolf

Analytical wake models provide a computationally efficient means to predict velocity distributions in wind turbine wakes in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). Most existing models are developed for neutral atmospheric conditions and…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-12-17 Ghanesh Narasimhan , Dennice F. Gayme , Charles Meneveau

Understanding wind turbine wake mixing and recovery is critical for improving the power generation and structural stability of downwind turbines in a wind farm. In the field, where incoming flow and turbine operation are constantly…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2019-05-09 Aliza Abraham , Jiarong Hong

Accurate prediction of wake dynamics behind hydrofoils is critical for mitigating vortex-induced vibrations and improving the performance of hydraulic machinery. Conventional turbulence modeling approaches often struggle to capture the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-01-30 Gabriele Gaiti , Chirag Trivedi , Kristian F. Sagmo

The Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes approach coupled with the standard $k-\varepsilon$ model is widely utilized for wind-energy applications. However, it has been shown that the standard $k-\varepsilon$ model overestimates the turbulence…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-01-03 Navid Zehtabiyan-Rezaie , Mahdi Abkar

Dynamic induction control is a wind farm flow control strategy that utilises wind turbine thrust variations to accelerate breakdown of the aerodynamic wake and improve downstream turbine performance. However, when floating wind turbines are…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-03-28 Maarten J. van den Broek , Daniel van den Berg , Benjamin Sanderse , Jan-Willem van Wingerden

In order to shed light on the Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines (VAWT) wake characteristics, in this paper we present high-fidelity CFD simulations of the flow around an exemplary H-shaped VAWT turbine, and we propose to apply Proper Orthogonal…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-02-19 Armin Sheidani , Sajad Salavatidezfouli , Giovanni Stabile , Gianluigi Rozza

Additional active power control (AAPC) of wind turbines (WTs) is essential to improve the transient frequency stability of low-inertia power systems. Most of the existing research has focused on imitating the frequency response of the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-31 Yubo Zhang , Zhiguo Hao , Songhao Yang , Baohui Zhang

Active power control regulates the total power generated by wind farms with the power consumed on the electricity grid. Due to wake effects, the available power is reduced and turbulence is increased at downstream wind turbines. Such…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-09 Jean Gonzalez Silva , Bart Doekemeijer , Riccardo Ferrari , Jan-Willem van Wingerden

Yaw control has proven to be promising in alleviating the wake effects that plague the efficiency of wind farms. In this work, the actuator line modeling (ALM) method is adopted to simulate the flows over two tandem turbines distanced by $3…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-02-06 Yu Tu , Kai Zhang , Zhaolong Han , Dai Zhou , Onur Bilgen

Understanding how wakes interact with wind turbine blades under varying operating and inflow conditions is essential for improving fatigue prediction and performance assessment in increasingly dense wind farms. We present an experimental…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-05-12 Francisco J. G. de Oliveira , Zahra Sharif Khoadei , Oliver R. H. Buxton

Wind turbines operating within wind farms experience complex aerodynamic loading arising from the interplay between wake-induced velocity deficits, enhanced turbulence, and varying operational conditions. Understanding the relationship…

In this paper, wake steering is applied to multirotor turbines to determine whether it has the potential to reduce wind plant wake losses. Through application of rotor yaw to multirotor turbines, a new degree of freedom is introduced to…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-03-23 Gustav A. Speakman , Mahdi Abkar , Luis A. Martínez-Tossas , Majid Bastankhah