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In past years, several studies have proposed new methods and applications for urban wind simulations. In this article, we present a fast and automatic methodology for reconstructing airflows within urban environments using LiDAR and…

Accurate, efficient prediction of wind flow with wake effects is crucial for wind-farm layout and power forecasting. Existing approaches-physical measurements, numerical simulations, physics-based models, and data-driven models-face…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-09-26 Dong Xu , Zhaobin Li , Xiaolei Yang , Peng Hou , Bruno Carmo , Xuerui Mao

Wind power forecasting (WPF), as a significant research topic within renewable energy, plays a crucial role in enhancing the security, stability, and economic operation of power grids. However, due to the high stochasticity of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Mingyi Zhu , Zhaoxin Li , Qiao Lin , Li Ding

High-quality machine learning (ML)-ready datasets play a foundational role in developing new artificial intelligence (AI) models or fine-tuning existing models for scientific applications such as weather and climate analysis. Unfortunately,…

Climate models lack the necessary resolution for urban climate studies, requiring computationally intensive processes to estimate high resolution air temperatures. In contrast, Data-driven approaches offer faster and more accurate air…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-09-05 Fatemeh Chajaei , Hossein Bagheri

Deep learning has been utilized for the statistical downscaling of climate data. Specifically, a two-dimensional (2D) convolutional neural network (CNN) has been successfully applied to precipitation estimation. This study implements a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Takeyoshi Nagasato , Kei Ishida , Ali Ercan , Tongbi Tu , Masato Kiyama , Motoki Amagasaki , Kazuki Yokoo

Data assimilation (DA), as an indispensable component within contemporary Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) systems, plays a crucial role in generating the analysis that significantly impacts forecast performance. Nevertheless, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Xiaoze Xu , Xiuyu Sun , Wei Han , Xiaohui Zhong , Lei Chen , Hao Li

Ambitious decarbonisation targets are rapidly increasing the commission of new offshore wind farms. For these newly commissioned plants to run, accurate power forecasts are needed from the onset. These allow grid stability, good reserve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Dominic Weisser , Chloé Hashimoto-Cullen , Benjamin Guedj

Kilometer-scale weather data is crucial for real-world applications but remains computationally intensive to produce using traditional weather simulations. An emerging solution is to use deep learning models, which offer a faster…

High-quality observations of hub-height winds are valuable but sparse in space and time. Simulations are widely available on regular grids but are generally biased and too coarse to inform wind-farm siting or to assess…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Xiaolong Ma , Xu Dong , Ashley Tarrant , Lei Yang , Rao Kotamarthi , Jiali Wang , Feng Yan , Rajkumar Kettimuthu

Advancements in numerical weather prediction models have accelerated, fostering a more comprehensive understanding of physical phenomena pertaining to the dynamics of weather and related computing resources. Despite these advancements,…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2021-11-04 Alqamah Sayeed , Yunsoo Choi , Jia Jung , Yannic Lops , Ebrahim Eslami , Ahmed Khan Salman

Operational weather prediction at kilometer scales remains computationally prohibitive for traditional numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, limiting forecast access for applications in energy, agriculture, and disaster management that…

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are a very important tool for many industrial applications, such as aerodynamic optimization of engineering designs like cars shapes, airplanes parts etc. The output of such simulations, in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-12 Theodoros Georgiou , Sebastian Schmitt , Thomas Bäck , Nan Pu , Wei Chen , Michael Lew

Simulation of urban wind environments is crucial for urban planning, pollution control, and renewable energy utilization. However, the computational requirements of high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods make them…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Cheng Chen , Geng Tian , Shaoxiang Qin , Senwen Yang , Dingyang Geng , Dongxue Zhan , Jinqiu Yang , David Vidal , Liangzhu Leon Wang

Machine learning methods have been extensively used to study the dynamics of complex fluid flows. One such algorithm, known as adaptive neural fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), can generate data-driven predictions for flow fields but has not…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-03-08 Zexia Zhang , Ajay B. Limaye , Ali Khosronejad

Climate change necessitates rapid expansion of renewable energy, with wind energy offering a scalable and low-impact solution. However, accurate prediction of wind loads and power generation remains challenging due to uncertainties in wind…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-04-30 Omar Sallam , Mirjam Fürth

The increasing installation rate of wind power poses great challenges to the global power system. In order to ensure the reliable operation of the power system, it is necessary to accurately forecast the wind speed and power of the wind…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Yang Yang , Jin Lang , Jian Wu , Yanyan Zhang , Xiang Zhao

The proliferation of data-driven models in weather and climate sciences has marked a significant paradigm shift, with advanced models demonstrating exceptional skill in medium-range forecasting. However, these models are often limited by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Haiwen Guan , Moein Darman , Dibyajyoti Chakraborty , Troy Arcomano , Ashesh Chattopadhyay , Romit Maulik

Wind flow can be highly unpredictable and can suffer substantial fluctuations in speed and direction due to the shape and height of hills, mountains, and valleys, making accurate wind speed (WS) forecasting essential in complex terrain.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Sourav Malakar , Saptarsi Goswami , Amlan Chakrabarti , Bhaswati Ganguli

An AI-based Limited-Area Model (LAM) is developed for dynamical downscaling over the Southern Great Plains and the southeastern United States, with strong generalization abilities under diverse boundary conditions. The model is trained…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-02-25 Yingkai Sha , Tracy Hertneky , Ethan Gutmann , Seth McGinnis , Rachel McCrary , Lulin Xue , David John Gagne , Kathryn Newman , Andrew Newman