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Most progress in recent coder models has been driven by supervised fine-tuning (SFT), while the potential of reinforcement learning (RL) remains largely unexplored, primarily due to the lack of reliable reward data/model in the code domain.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Huaye Zeng , Dongfu Jiang , Haozhe Wang , Ping Nie , Xiaotong Chen , Wenhu Chen

Code retrieval is a crucial component in modern software development, particularly in large-scale projects. However, existing approaches relying on sequence-based models often fail to fully exploit the structural dependencies inherent in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Yufan Ye , Pu Pang , Ting Zhang , Hua Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at code generation but struggle with complex problems. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates this issue by integrating external knowledge, yet retrieval models often miss relevant context, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Shahd Seddik , Fahd Seddik , Iman Saberi , Fatemeh Fard , Minh Hieu Huynh , Patanamon Thongtanunam

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) improves large language model reliability by grounding generated responses in external evidence. However, RAG performance depends on the relevance of retrieved passages, the quality of evidence ranking,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Fariba Afrin Irany , Sampson Akwafuo

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances Large Language Models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge bases, achieving state-of-the-art results in various coding tasks. The core of RAG is retrieving demonstration examples, which is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Pengfei He , Shaowei Wang , Shaiful Chowdhury , Tse-Hsun Chen

Effective code retrieval plays a crucial role in advancing code generation, bug fixing, and software maintenance, particularly as software systems increase in complexity. While current code embedding models have demonstrated promise in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Tarun Suresh , Revanth Gangi Reddy , Yifei Xu , Zach Nussbaum , Andriy Mulyar , Brandon Duderstadt , Heng Ji

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems leverage Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate accurate and reliable responses that are grounded in retrieved context. However, LLMs often generate inconsistent outputs for semantically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Xujun Peng , Anoop Kumar , Jingyu Wu , Parker Glenn , Daben Liu

Pre-trained code models have emerged as the state-of-the-art paradigm for code search tasks. The paradigm involves pre-training the model on search-irrelevant tasks such as masked language modeling, followed by the fine-tuning stage, which…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Hande Dong , Jiayi Lin , Yanlin Wang , Yichong Leng , Jiawei Chen , Yutao Xie

We propose a scalable and cost-efficient framework for deploying Graph-based Retrieval-Augmented Generation (GraphRAG) in enterprise environments. While GraphRAG has shown promise for multi- hop reasoning and structured retrieval, its…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Congmin Min , Sahil Bansal , Joyce Pan , Abbas Keshavarzi , Rhea Mathew , Amar Viswanathan Kannan

We present GTE, a general-purpose text embedding model trained with multi-stage contrastive learning. In line with recent advancements in unifying various NLP tasks into a single format, we train a unified text embedding model by employing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Zehan Li , Xin Zhang , Yanzhao Zhang , Dingkun Long , Pengjun Xie , Meishan Zhang

Repository-level code completion automatically predicts the unfinished code based on the broader information from the repository. Recent strides in Code Large Language Models (code LLMs) have spurred the development of repository-level code…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Sheng Zhang , Yifan Ding , Shuquan Lian , Shun Song , Hui Li

Despite recent advances, Large Language Models (LLMs) still generate vulnerable code. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has the potential to enhance LLMs for secure code generation by incorporating external security knowledge. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Jiahao Shi , Tianyi Zhang

Code completion is a prominent application of Large Language Models (LLMs) in software engineering. Due to the near real-time response requirements of this task, base models with small to medium-sized parameters are typically employed,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Dongjun Yu , Xiao Yan , Zhenrui Li , Jipeng Xiao , Haochuan He , Yongda Yu , Hao Zhang , Guoping Rong , Xiaobo Huang

Code summarization generates brief natural language description given a source code snippet, while code retrieval fetches relevant source code given a natural language query. Since both tasks aim to model the association between natural…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-02-26 Wei Ye , Rui Xie , Jinglei Zhang , Tianxiang Hu , Xiaoyin Wang , Shikun Zhang

Software developers write a lot of source code and documentation during software development. Intrinsically, developers often recall parts of source code or code summaries that they had written in the past while implementing software or…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Md Rizwan Parvez , Wasi Uddin Ahmad , Saikat Chakraborty , Baishakhi Ray , Kai-Wei Chang

In the era of Large Language Models (LLMs), Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) architectures are gaining significant attention for their ability to ground language generation in reliable knowledge sources. Despite their effectiveness, RAG…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Francesco Granata , Francesco Poggi , Misael Mongiovì

Most text retrievers generate \emph{one} query vector to retrieve relevant documents. Yet, the conditional distribution of relevant documents for the query may be multimodal, e.g., representing different interpretations of the query. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Hung-Ting Chen , Xiang Liu , Shauli Ravfogel , Eunsol Choi

Retrieval-augmented large language models (LLMs) have been remarkably competent in various NLP tasks. However, it was observed by previous works that retrieval is not always helpful, especially when the LLM is already knowledgeable on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Chengkai Huang , Yu Xia , Rui Wang , Kaige Xie , Tong Yu , Julian McAuley , Lina Yao

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems rely on retrieving relevant evidence from a corpus to support downstream generation. The common practice of splitting a long document into multiple shorter passages enables finer-grained and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Ye Yuan , Mohammad Amin Shabani , Siqi Liu

Millions of repetitive code snippets are submitted to code repositories every day. To search from these large codebases using simple natural language queries would allow programmers to ideate, prototype, and develop easier and faster.…