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Interactive theorem provers such as Coq are powerful tools to formally guarantee the correctness of software. However, using these tools requires significant manual effort and expertise. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Minghai Lu , Benjamin Delaware , Tianyi Zhang

Mainstream methods for Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) based on Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) heavily rely on the statistical correlation between case facts and judgment results. This paradigm lacks explicit modeling of legal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Yuzhi Liang , Lixiang Ma , Xinrong Zhu

Neural theorem proving combines large language models (LLMs) with proof assistants such as Lean, where the correctness of formal proofs can be rigorously verified, leaving no room for hallucination. With existing neural theorem provers…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Peiyang Song , Kaiyu Yang , Anima Anandkumar

Formal, automated theorem proving has long been viewed as a challenge to artificial intelligence. We introduce here a new approach to computer theorem proving, one that employs specialized language models for Lean4 proof generation combined…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Kelly J. Davis

With the significant progress of large reasoning models in complex coding and reasoning tasks, existing benchmarks, like LiveCodeBench and CodeElo, are insufficient to evaluate the coding capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in real…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Shiyi Xu , Yiwen Hu , Yingqian Min , Zhipeng Chen , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen

A hallmark of advanced artificial intelligence is the capacity to progress from passive visual perception to the strategic modification of visual information to facilitate complex reasoning. This advanced capability, however, remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Jingkun Ma , Runzhe Zhan , Yang Li , Di Sun , Hou Pong Chan , Lidia S. Chao , Derek F. Wong

Commonsense reasoning often involves evaluating multiple plausible interpretations rather than selecting a single atomic answer, yet most benchmarks rely on single-label evaluation, obscuring whether statements are jointly plausible,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Obed Junias , Maria Leonor Pacheco

State-of-the-art machine learning methods exhibit limited compositional generalization. At the same time, there is a lack of realistic benchmarks that comprehensively measure this ability, which makes it challenging to find and evaluate…

We present TuringQ, the first benchmark designed to evaluate the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in the theory of computation. TuringQ consists of 4,006 undergraduate and graduate-level question-answer pairs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Pardis Sadat Zahraei , Ehsaneddin Asgari

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable success on a wide range of math and reasoning benchmarks. However, we observe that they often struggle when faced with unreasonable math problems. Instead of recognizing these issues,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jingyuan Ma , Damai Dai , Zihang Yuan , Rui li , Weilin Luo , Bin Wang , Qun Liu , Lei Sha , Zhifang Sui

Automated Theorem Proving (ATP) represents a core research direction in artificial intelligence for achieving formal reasoning and verification, playing a significant role in advancing machine intelligence. However, current large language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Sirui Li , Wangyue Lu , Xiaorui Shi , Ke Weng , Haozhe Sun , Minghe Yu , Tiancheng Zhang , Ge Yu , Hengyu Liu , Lun Du

The guidance from capability evaluations has greatly propelled the progress of both human society and Artificial Intelligence. However, as LLMs evolve, it becomes challenging to construct evaluation benchmarks for them with accurate labels…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Peiwen Yuan , Shaoxiong Feng , Yiwei Li , Xinglin Wang , Boyuan Pan , Heda Wang , Yao Hu , Kan Li

Trustworthy evaluation methods for code snippets play a crucial role in neural code generation. Traditional methods, which either rely on reference solutions or require executable test cases, have inherent limitation in flexibility and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Guang Yang , Yu Zhou , Xiang Chen , Wei Zheng , Xing Hu , Xin Zhou , David Lo , Taolue Chen

The reliability of large language models (LLMs) is greatly compromised by their tendency to hallucinate, underscoring the need for precise identification of knowledge gaps within LLMs. Various methods for probing such gaps exist, ranging…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Raoyuan Zhao , Abdullatif Köksal , Ali Modarressi , Michael A. Hedderich , Hinrich Schütze

Comparing human and model performance offers a valuable perspective for understanding the strengths and limitations of embedding models, highlighting where they succeed and where they fail to capture meaning and nuance. However, such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Adnan El Assadi , Isaac Chung , Roman Solomatin , Niklas Muennighoff , Kenneth Enevoldsen

As large language models continue to develop, the feasibility and significance of text-based symbolic music tasks have become increasingly prominent. While symbolic music has been widely used in generation tasks, LLM capabilities in…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Jiahao Zhao , Yunjia Li , Wei Li , Kazuyoshi Yoshii

Assisting LLMs with code generation improved their performance on mathematical reasoning tasks. However, the evaluation of code-assisted LLMs is generally restricted to execution correctness, lacking a rigorous evaluation of their generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Zena Al-Khalili , Nick Howell , Dietrich Klakow

The advent of large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) has significantly advanced multimodal understanding, enabling more sophisticated and accurate integration of visual and textual information across various tasks, including image and video…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Hang Hua , Yunlong Tang , Ziyun Zeng , Liangliang Cao , Zhengyuan Yang , Hangfeng He , Chenliang Xu , Jiebo Luo

Despite remarkable advances in the field, LLMs remain unreliable in distinguishing causation from correlation. Recent results from the Corr2Cause dataset benchmark reveal that state-of-the-art LLMs -- such as GPT-4 (F1 score: 29.08) -- only…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Wentao Sun , João Paulo Nogueira , Alonso Silva

Self-correction of large language models (LLMs) emerges as a critical component for enhancing their reasoning performance. Although various self-correction methods have been proposed, a comprehensive evaluation of these methods remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Guiyao Tie , Zenghui Yuan , Zeli Zhao , Chaoran Hu , Tianhe Gu , Ruihang Zhang , Sizhe Zhang , Junran Wu , Xiaoyue Tu , Ming Jin , Qingsong Wen , Lixing Chen , Pan Zhou , Lichao Sun