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Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has been widely adopted to enhance Large Language Models (LLMs) in knowledge-intensive tasks. To enhance credibility and verifiability in RAG systems, Attributed Text Generation (ATG) is proposed, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Sirui Xia , Xintao Wang , Jiaqing Liang , Yifei Zhang , Weikang Zhou , Jiaji Deng , Fei Yu , Yanghua Xiao

The increasing use of Large Language Models (LLMs) offers significant opportunities across the engineering lifecycle, including requirements engineering, software development, process optimization, and decision support. Despite this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Stefan Otten , Philipp Reis , Philipp Rigoll , Joshua Ransiek , Tobias Schürmann , Jacob Langner , Eric Sax

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed for code generation in high-stakes software development, yet their limited transparency in security reasoning and brittleness to evolving vulnerability patterns raise critical…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Manisha Mukherjee , Vincent J. Hellendoorn

As cyber threats continue to grow in complexity, traditional security mechanisms struggle to keep up. Large language models (LLMs) offer significant potential in cybersecurity due to their advanced capabilities in text processing and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Tiago Dinis , Miguel Correia , Roger Tavares

Although achieving great success, Large Language Models (LLMs) usually suffer from unreliable hallucinations. Although language attribution can be a potential solution, there are no suitable benchmarks and evaluation metrics to attribute…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Xinze Li , Yixin Cao , Liangming Pan , Yubo Ma , Aixin Sun

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a promising paradigm, yet its trustworthiness remains a critical concern. A major vulnerability arises prior to generation: models often fail to balance parametric (internal) and retrieved (external)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Xinbang Dai , Huikang Hu , Yuncheng Hua , Jiaqi Li , Yongrui Chen , Rihui Jin , Nan Hu , Guilin Qi

Trustworthy answer content is abundant in many high-resource languages and is instantly accessible through question answering systems, yet this content can be hard to access for those that do not speak these languages. The leap forward in…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is an effective approach to enhance the factual accuracy of large language models (LLMs) by retrieving information from external databases, which are typically composed of diverse sources, to supplement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Jeongyeon Hwang , Junyoung Park , Hyejin Park , Dongwoo Kim , Sangdon Park , Jungseul Ok

The widespread adoption of large language models (LLMs) necessitates reliable methods to detect LLM-generated text. We introduce SimMark, a robust sentence-level watermarking algorithm that makes LLMs' outputs traceable without requiring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Amirhossein Dabiriaghdam , Lele Wang

Modern generative search engines enhance the reliability of large language model (LLM) responses by providing cited evidence. However, evaluating the answer's attribution, i.e., whether every claim within the generated responses is fully…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Yifei Li , Xiang Yue , Zeyi Liao , Huan Sun

Data attribution methods quantify the influence of training data on model outputs and are becoming increasingly relevant for a wide range of LLM research and applications, including dataset curation, model interpretability, data valuation.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Cathy Jiao , Yijun Pan , Emily Xiao , Daisy Sheng , Niket Jain , Hanzhang Zhao , Ishita Dasgupta , Jiaqi W. Ma , Chenyan Xiong

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) techniques have emerged as a promising solution to enhance the reliability of large language models (LLMs) by addressing issues like hallucinations, outdated knowledge, and domain adaptation. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Weihang Su , Yichen Tang , Qingyao Ai , Junxi Yan , Changyue Wang , Hongning Wang , Ziyi Ye , Yujia Zhou , Yiqun Liu

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as a widely-used tool for information seeking, but their generated outputs are prone to hallucination. In this work, our aim is to allow LLMs to generate text with citations, improving their factual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Tianyu Gao , Howard Yen , Jiatong Yu , Danqi Chen

Large language models (LLMs) inherently display hallucinations since the precision of generated texts cannot be guaranteed purely by the parametric knowledge they include. Although retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems enhance the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Bingyu Wan , Fuxi Zhang , Zhongpeng Qi , Jiayi Ding , Jijun Li , Baoshi Fan , Yijia Zhang , Jun Zhang

A recent focus of large language model (LLM) development, as exemplified by generative search engines, is to incorporate external references to generate and support its claims. However, evaluating the attribution, i.e., verifying whether…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Xiang Yue , Boshi Wang , Ziru Chen , Kai Zhang , Yu Su , Huan Sun

With the enhancement in the field of generative artificial intelligence (AI), contextual question answering has become extremely relevant. Attributing model generations to the input source document is essential to ensure trustworthiness and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Anirudh Phukan , Shwetha Somasundaram , Apoorv Saxena , Koustava Goswami , Balaji Vasan Srinivasan

Large Language Models (LLMs)-based question answering (QA) systems play a critical role in modern AI, demonstrating strong performance across various tasks. However, LLM-generated responses often suffer from hallucinations, unfaithful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Yuqing Zhao , Ziyao Liu , Yongsen Zheng , Kwok-Yan Lam

Despite their remarkable capabilities, large language models (LLMs) often produce responses containing factual inaccuracies due to their sole reliance on the parametric knowledge they encapsulate. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), an ad…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Akari Asai , Zeqiu Wu , Yizhong Wang , Avirup Sil , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

Efforts to ensure the safety of large language models (LLMs) include safety fine-tuning, evaluation, and red teaming. However, despite the widespread use of the Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) framework, AI safety work focuses on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Bang An , Shiyue Zhang , Mark Dredze

Grammar-based test case generation has proven effective for competitive programming problems, but generating valid and general grammars from natural language specifications remains a key challenge, especially under limited supervision.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Aditi , Hyunwoo Park , Sicheol Sung , Yo-Sub Han , Sang-Ki Ko