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Multimodal multihop question answering (MMQA) requires reasoning over images and text from multiple sources. Despite advances in visual question answering, this multihop setting remains underexplored due to a lack of quality datasets.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Amirhossein Abaskohi , Spandana Gella , Giuseppe Carenini , Issam H. Laradji

One of the most widely used tasks for evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) is Multiple-Choice Question Answering (MCQA). While open-ended question answering tasks are more challenging to evaluate, MCQA tasks are, in principle, easier to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Francesco Maria Molfese , Luca Moroni , Luca Gioffré , Alessandro Scirè , Simone Conia , Roberto Navigli

Question answering (QA) has been a long-standing focus in the NLP field, predominantly addressing reading comprehension and common sense QA. However, scenarios involving the preparation of answers to probable questions during professional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Yung-Yu Shih , Ziwei Xu , Hiroya Takamura , Yun-Nung Chen , Chung-Chi Chen

Knowledge-enhanced language representation learning has shown promising results across various knowledge-intensive NLP tasks. However, prior methods are limited in efficient utilization of multilingual knowledge graph (KG) data for language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Linlin Liu , Xin Li , Ruidan He , Lidong Bing , Shafiq Joty , Luo Si

Despite the steady progress in machine translation evaluation, existing automatic metrics struggle to capture how well meaning is preserved beyond sentence boundaries. We posit that reliance on a single intrinsic quality score, trained to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Patrick Fernandes , Sweta Agrawal , Emmanouil Zaranis , André F. T. Martins , Graham Neubig

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) and multi-modal LLMs have been remarkable. However, these models still rely solely on their parametric knowledge, which limits their ability to generate up-to-date information and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Zihan Ling , Zhiyao Guo , Yixuan Huang , Yi An , Shuai Xiao , Jinsong Lan , Xiaoyong Zhu , Bo Zheng

Large language models (LLMs) still struggle with multi-hop reasoning over knowledge-graphs (KGs), and we identify a previously overlooked structural reason for this difficulty: Transformer attention heads naturally specialize in distinct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Jinliang Liu , Jiale Bai , Shaoning Zeng

Large Language Models (LLMs) frequently hallucinate to long-form questions, producing plausible yet factually incorrect answers. A common mitigation strategy is to provide attribution to LLM outputs. However, existing benchmarks primarily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Yitao Long , Tiansheng Hu , Yilun Zhao , Arman Cohan , Chen Zhao

Knowledge Graphs (KGs) store structured factual knowledge by linking entities through relationships, crucial for many applications. These applications depend on the KG's factual accuracy, so verifying facts is essential, yet challenging.…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Farzad Shami , Stefano Marchesin , Gianmaria Silvello

Large language models have become integral to question-answering applications despite their propensity for generating hallucinations and factually inaccurate content. Querying knowledge graphs to reduce hallucinations in LLM meets the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Tong Zhou , Yubo Chen , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Documents are fundamental to preserving and disseminating information, often incorporating complex layouts, tables, and charts that pose significant challenges for automatic document understanding (DU). While vision-language large models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Negar Foroutan , Angelika Romanou , Matin Ansaripour , Julian Martin Eisenschlos , Karl Aberer , Rémi Lebret

Multimodal Large Language Models are increasingly applied to biomedical imaging, yet scientific reasoning for microscopy remains limited by the scarcity of large-scale, high-quality training data. We introduce MicroVQA++, a three-stage,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Manyu Li , Ruian He , Chenxi Ma , Weimin Tan , Bo Yan

Question Answering (QA) on narrative text poses a unique challenge to current systems, requiring a deep understanding of long, complex documents. However, the reliability of NarrativeQA, the most widely used benchmark in this domain, is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Tommaso Bonomo , Luca Gioffré , Roberto Navigli

Knowledge-based question answering (KBQA) is widely used in many scenarios that necessitate domain knowledge. Large language models (LLMs) bring opportunities to KBQA, while their costs are significantly higher and absence of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Junnan Dong , Qinggang Zhang , Chuang Zhou , Hao Chen , Daochen Zha , Xiao Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited impressive generation capabilities, but they suffer from hallucinations when solely relying on their internal knowledge, especially when answering questions that require less commonly known…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Wenting Zhao , Ye Liu , Tong Niu , Yao Wan , Philip S. Yu , Shafiq Joty , Yingbo Zhou , Semih Yavuz

Question answering (QA) aims to understand questions and find appropriate answers. In real-world QA systems, Frequently Asked Question (FAQ) based QA is usually a practical and effective solution, especially for some complicated questions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Ruobing Xie , Yanan Lu , Fen Lin , Leyu Lin

Extractive question answering (QA) systems can enable physicians and researchers to query medical records, a foundational capability for designing clinical studies and understanding patient medical history. However, building these systems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Joel Stremmel , Ardavan Saeedi , Hamid Hassanzadeh , Sanjit Batra , Jeffrey Hertzberg , Jaime Murillo , Eran Halperin

State-of-the-art approaches to reasoning and question answering over knowledge graphs (KGs) usually scale with the number of edges and can only be applied effectively on small instance-dependent subgraphs. In this paper, we address this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Mattia Atzeni , Jasmina Bogojeska , Andreas Loukas

Large language models (LLMs) have made significant progress in general-purpose natural language processing tasks. However, LLMs are still facing challenges when applied to domain-specific areas like telecommunications, which demands…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Dun Yuan , Hao Zhou , Di Wu , Xue Liu , Hao Chen , Yan Xin , Jianzhong , Zhang

Numerical reasoning is an important task in the analysis of financial documents. It helps in understanding and performing numerical predictions with logical conclusions for the given query seeking answers from financial texts. Recently,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Aryan Mishra , Akash Anil