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Quantum networks, which enable the transfer of quantum information across long distances, promise to provide exciting benefits and new possibilities in many areas including communication, computation, security, and metrology. These networks…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-14 Alexander Kolar , Allen Zang , Joaquin Chung , Martin Suchara , Rajkumar Kettimuthu

This paper addresses the challenge of energy efficiency management faced by intelligent IoT devices in complex application environments. A novel optimization method is proposed, combining Deep Q-Network (DQN) with an edge collaboration…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Qingyuan He , Chang Liu , Juecen Zhan , Weiqiang Huang , Ran Hao

In quantum networks, effective entanglement routing facilitates remote entanglement communication between quantum source and quantum destination nodes. Unlike routing in classical networks, entanglement routing in quantum networks must…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-11 Rakpong Kaewpuang , Minrui Xu , Stephen John Turner , Dusit Niyato , Han Yu , Dong In Kim

The distribution of entanglement in quantum networks is typically approached under idealized assumptions such as perfect synchronization and centralized control, while classical communication is often neglected. However, these assumptions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-04 Shahrooz Pouryousef , Hassan Shapourian , Don Towsley

With the increasing number of base stations (BSs) and network densification in 5G, interference management using link scheduling and power control are vital for better utilization of radio resources. However, the complexity of solving link…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-11-20 Shenghe Xu , Pei Liu , Ran Wang , Shivendra S. Panwar

Quantum communication can enhance internet technology by enabling novel applications that are provably impossible classically. The successful execution of such applications relies on the generation of quantum entanglement between different…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-29 Matthew Skrzypczyk , Stephanie Wehner

The problem of scheduling in quantum networks amounts to choosing which entanglement swapping operations to perform to better serve user demand. The choice can be carried out following a variety of criteria (e.g. ensuring all users are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-08 Paolo Fittipaldi

Future quantum internet aims to enable quantum communication between arbitrary pairs of distant nodes through the sharing of end-to-end entanglement, a universal resource for many quantum applications. As in classical networks, quantum…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Paolo Fittipaldi , Anastasios Giovanidis , Frédéric Grosshans

Quantum networks will be able to service consumers with long-distance entanglement by use of quantum repeaters that generate Bell pairs (or links) with their neighbors, iid with probability $p$ and perform Bell State Measurements (BSMs) on…

As quantum key distribution becomes increasingly practical, questions of how to effectively employ it in large-scale networks and over large distances becomes increasingly important. To that end, in this work, we model the performance of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-03 Omar Amer , Walter O. Krawec , Bing Wang

Quantum cloud computing (QCC) offers a promising approach to efficiently provide quantum computing resources, such as quantum computers, to perform resource-intensive tasks. Like traditional cloud computing platforms, QCC providers can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-26 Rakpong Kaewpuang , Minrui Xu , Dinh Thai Hoang , Dusit Niyato , Han Yu , Ruidong Li , Zehui Xiong , Jiawen Kang

Present-day quantum systems face critical bottlenecks, including limited qubit counts, brief coherence intervals, and high susceptibility to errors-all of which obstruct the execution of large and complex circuits. The advancement of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Waylon Luo , Jiapeng Zhao , Tong Zhan , Qiang Guan

Quantum networks are considered as a promising future platform for quantum information exchange and quantum applications, which have capabilities far beyond the traditional communication networks. Remote quantum entanglement is an essential…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Yiming Zeng , Jiarui Zhang , Ji Liu , Zhenhua Liu , Yuanyuan Yang

This study proposes a novel approach for dynamic load balancing in Software-Defined Networks (SDNs) using a Transformer-based Deep Q-Network (DQN). Traditional load balancing mechanisms, such as Round Robin (RR) and Weighted Round Robin…

With the rapid advance of information technology, network systems have become increasingly complex and hence the underlying system dynamics are often unknown or difficult to characterize. Finding a good network control policy is of…

Performance · Computer Science 2022-04-08 Bai Liu , Qiaomin Xie , Eytan Modiano

The realization of distributed quantum neural networks (DQNNs) over quantum internet infrastructures faces fundamental challenges arising from the fragile nature of entanglement and the demanding synchronization requirements of distributed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-09 Kuan-Cheng Chen , Samuel Yen-Chi Chen , Mahdi Chehimi , Felix Burt , Kin K. Leung

With the rapid advancement of quantum information technology, quantum networks have become essential for supporting diverse applications, which often have stringent demands for key metrics such as fidelity and request completion time. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-08 Yuan Li , Chen Zhang , Hao Zhang , Tao Huang , Yunjie Liu

Effective network slicing requires an infrastructure/network provider to deal with the uncertain demand and real-time dynamics of network resource requests. Another challenge is the combinatorial optimization of numerous resources, e.g.,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-02-27 Nguyen Van Huynh , Dinh Thai Hoang , Diep N. Nguyen , Eryk Dutkiewicz

The topology of classical networks is determined by physical links between nodes, and after a network request the links are used to establish the desired connections. Quantum networks offer the possibility to generate different kinds of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-15 Jorge Miguel-Ramiro , Alexander Pirker , Wolfgang Dür

To effectively support the execution of quantum network applications for multiple sets of user-controlled quantum nodes, a quantum network must efficiently allocate shared resources. We study traffic models for a type of quantum network hub…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-10 Scarlett Gauthier , Thirupathaiah Vasantam , Gayane Vardoyan