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Pre-trained language models(PLM) have made impressive results in various NLP tasks. It has been revealed that one of the key factors to their success is the parameters of these models implicitly learn all kinds of knowledge during…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Xin Cheng , Yankai Lin , Xiuying Chen , Dongyan Zhao , Rui Yan

Machine unlearning has emerged as a prevalent technical solution for selectively removing unwanted knowledge absorbed during pre-training, without requiring full retraining. While recent unlearning techniques can effectively remove…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Myeongseob Ko , Hoang Anh Just , Charles Fleming , Ming Jin , Ruoxi Jia

Causal language models acquire vast amount of knowledge from general text corpus during pretraining, but the efficiency of knowledge learning is known to be unsatisfactory, especially when learning from knowledge-dense and small-sized…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Jian Gao , Xiao Zhang , Ji Wu , Miao Li

Intellectual Property (IP) management involves strategically protecting and utilizing intellectual assets to enhance organizational innovation, competitiveness, and value creation. Patent matching is a crucial task in intellectual property…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Qiushi Xiong , Zhipeng Xu , Zhenghao Liu , Mengjia Wang , Zulong Chen , Yue Sun , Yu Gu , Xiaohua Li , Ge Yu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly tasked with strategic decision-making under incomplete information, such as in negotiation and policymaking. While LLMs can excel at many such tasks, they also fail in ways that are poorly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Jan Sobotka , Mustafa O. Karabag , Ufuk Topcu

By design, large language models (LLMs) are static general-purpose models, expensive to retrain or update frequently. As they are increasingly adopted for knowledge-intensive tasks, it becomes evident that these design choices lead to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Shangbin Feng , Weijia Shi , Yuyang Bai , Vidhisha Balachandran , Tianxing He , Yulia Tsvetkov

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are increasingly deployed in open-ended, real-world environments where inputs are messy, underspecified, and not always trustworthy. Unlike curated benchmarks, these settings frequently involve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Qianqi Yan , Hongquan Li , Shan Jiang , Yang Zhao , Xinze Guan , Ching-Chen Kuo , Xin Eric Wang

Despite their success at many natural language processing (NLP) tasks, large language models still struggle to effectively leverage knowledge for knowledge-intensive tasks, manifesting limitations such as generating incomplete, non-factual,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Yougang Lyu , Lingyong Yan , Shuaiqiang Wang , Haibo Shi , Dawei Yin , Pengjie Ren , Zhumin Chen , Maarten de Rijke , Zhaochun Ren

The widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) has become commonplace, particularly with the emergence of open-source models. More importantly, smaller models are well-suited for integration into consumer devices and are frequently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Aisha Khatun , Daniel G. Brown

Large audio language models (LALMs) process both speech and environmental acoustic cues, yet struggle to retain non-speech information across multi-turn interactions. The performance gap between semantic (speech) and acoustic (non-speech)…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-27 Yang Xiao , Siyi Wang , Han Yin , Hong Jia , Vidhyasaharan Sethu , Eun-Jung Holden , Ting Dang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable achievements in natural language processing tasks, producing high-quality outputs. However, LLMs still exhibit limitations, including the generation of factually incorrect information. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Sridevi Wagle , Sai Munikoti , Anurag Acharya , Sara Smith , Sameera Horawalavithana

Process discovery aims to derive process models from event logs, providing insights into operational behavior and forming a foundation for conformance checking and process improvement. However, models derived solely from event data may not…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Ali Norouzifar , Humam Kourani , Marcus Dees , Wil van der Aalst

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate strong mathematical problem-solving abilities but frequently fail on problems that deviate syntactically from their training distribution. We identify a systematic failure mode, syntactic blind…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Dane Williamson , Yangfeng Ji , Matthew Dwyer

Recently, there has been a trend to investigate the factual knowledge captured by Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs). Many works show the PLMs' ability to fill in the missing factual words in cloze-style prompts such as "Dante was born in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-01 Shaobo Li , Xiaoguang Li , Lifeng Shang , Zhenhua Dong , Chengjie Sun , Bingquan Liu , Zhenzhou Ji , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu

Parametric knowledge in large language models (LLMs) is a cornerstone of their success, yet remains poorly understood. Existing knowledge benchmarks typically rely on predefined questions (e.g., "What is the birth date of M.L. King?"),…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Luca Giordano , Simon Razniewski

Studying the responses of large language models (LLMs) to loopholes presents a two-fold opportunity. First, it affords us a lens through which to examine ambiguity and pragmatics in LLMs, since exploiting a loophole requires identifying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Jio Choi , Mohit Bansal , Elias Stengel-Eskin

The pursuit of leaderboard rankings in Large Language Models (LLMs) has created a fundamental paradox: models excel at standardized tests while failing to demonstrate genuine language understanding and adaptability. Our systematic analysis…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Sourav Banerjee , Ayushi Agarwal , Eishkaran Singh

Large Language Models (LLMs) are extensively used today across various sectors, including academia, research, business, and finance, for tasks such as text generation, summarization, and translation. Despite their widespread adoption, these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Yash Saxena , Sarthak Chopra , Arunendra Mani Tripathi

The non-humanlike behaviour of contemporary pre-trained language models (PLMs) is a leading cause undermining their trustworthiness. A striking phenomenon of such faulty behaviours is the generation of inconsistent predictions, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Myeongjun Erik Jang , Thomas Lukasiewicz

Large language models (LLMs) have recently driven striking performance improvements across a range of natural language processing tasks. The factual knowledge acquired during pretraining and instruction tuning can be useful in various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Xuming Hu , Junzhe Chen , Xiaochuan Li , Yufei Guo , Lijie Wen , Philip S. Yu , Zhijiang Guo