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When answering complex questions, large language models (LLMs) may produce answers that do not satisfy all criteria of the question. While existing self-evaluation techniques aim to detect if such answers are correct, these techniques are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Nishant Balepur , Jie Huang , Samraj Moorjani , Hari Sundaram , Kevin Chen-Chuan Chang

Large language models have made significant progress in mathematical reasoning, which serves as an important testbed for AI and could impact scientific research if further advanced. By scaling reasoning with reinforcement learning that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Zhihong Shao , Yuxiang Luo , Chengda Lu , Z. Z. Ren , Jiewen Hu , Tian Ye , Zhibin Gou , Shirong Ma , Xiaokang Zhang

In today's digital era, the rapid spread of misinformation poses threats to public well-being and societal trust. As online misinformation proliferates, manual verification by fact checkers becomes increasingly challenging. We introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Eun Cheol Choi , Emilio Ferrara

The decompose-then-verify strategy for verification of Large Language Model (LLM) generations decomposes claims that are then independently verified. Decontextualization augments text (claims) to ensure it can be verified outside of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Miriam Wanner , Benjamin Van Durme , Mark Dredze

As large language models (LLMs) have become the norm in NLP, demonstrating good performance in generation and reasoning tasks, one of its most fatal disadvantages is the lack of factual correctness. Generating unfactual texts not only leads…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Ruochen Zhao , Xingxuan Li , Shafiq Joty , Chengwei Qin , Lidong Bing

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) face limitations in geometric reasoning due to insufficient Chain of Thought (CoT) image-text training data. While existing approaches leverage template-based or LLM-assisted methods for geometric CoT data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Linger Deng , Linghao Zhu , Yuliang Liu , Yu Wang , Qunyi Xie , Jingjing Wu , Gang Zhang , Yingying Zhu , Xiang Bai

Fact-checking plays a crucial role in combating misinformation. Existing methods using large language models (LLMs) for claim decomposition face two key limitations: (1) insufficient decomposition, introducing unnecessary complexity to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Yani Huang , Richong Zhang , Zhijie Nie , Junfan Chen , Xuefeng Zhang

Pre-trained language models (LMs) have shown remarkable reasoning performance using explanations or chain-of-thoughts (CoT)) for in-context learning. On the other hand, these reasoning tasks are usually presumed to be more approachable for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Yi-Fan Zhang , Hanlin Zhang , Li Erran Li , Eric Xing

Large language models (LLMs) are notorious for hallucinating, i.e., producing erroneous claims in their output. Such hallucinations can be dangerous, as occasional factual inaccuracies in the generated text might be obscured by the rest of…

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being employed in real-world applications in critical domains such as healthcare, it is important to ensure that the Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning generated by these models faithfully…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Sree Harsha Tanneru , Dan Ley , Chirag Agarwal , Himabindu Lakkaraju

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning boosts large language models' (LLMs) performance on complex tasks but faces two key limitations: a lack of reliability when solely relying on LLM-generated reasoning chains and lower reasoning performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Feiyang Li , Peng Fang , Zhan Shi , Arijit Khan , Fang Wang , Weihao Wang , Xin Zhang , Yongjian Cui

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning has advanced the capabilities and transparency of language models (LMs); however, reasoning chains can contain inaccurate statements that reduce performance and trustworthiness. To address this, we propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Minsu Kim , Jean-Pierre Falet , Oliver E. Richardson , Xiaoyin Chen , Moksh Jain , Sungjin Ahn , Sungsoo Ahn , Yoshua Bengio

Reasoning in Large Language Models (LLMs) has recently shown strong potential in enhancing generative recommendation through deep understanding of complex user preference. Existing approaches follow a {reason-then-recommend} paradigm, where…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Xinyu Lin , Hanqing Zeng , Hanchao Yu , Yinglong Xia , Jiang Zhang , Aashu Singh , Fei Liu , Wenjie Wang , Fuli Feng , Tat-Seng Chua , Qifan Wang

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities by integrating pre-trained vision encoders with large language models (LLMs). Similar to single-modal LLMs, chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting has been adapted for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Shin'ya Yamaguchi , Kosuke Nishida , Daiki Chijiwa

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable general reasoning capabilities. However, systematically evaluating and enhancing these reasoning capabilities is challenging due to the lack of controllable and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Yanxiao Zhao , Yaqian Li , Zihao Bo , Rinyoichi Takezoe , Haojia Hui , Mo Guang , Lei Ren , Xiaolin Qin , Kaiwen Long

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has emerged as a powerful approach to enhancing the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, existing implementations, such as in-context learning and fine-tuning, remain costly and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Li Li , Ziyi Wang , Yongliang Wu , Jianfei Cai , Xu Yang

Verifying multi-step reasoning in large language models is difficult due to imprecise error localization and high token costs. Existing methods either assess entire reasoning chains, suffering attention dilution, or rely on expensive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Yulong Zhang , Li Wang , Wei Du , Peilin Li , Yuqin Dai Zhiyuan Zhao , Lingyong Fang , Ziniu Liu , Ru Zhang , Huijia Zhu , Gongshen Liu

Large language models have demonstrated substantial advancements in reasoning capabilities. However, current Vision-Language Models (VLMs) often struggle to perform systematic and structured reasoning, especially when handling complex…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Guowei Xu , Peng Jin , Ziang Wu , Hao Li , Yibing Song , Lichao Sun , Li Yuan

Problem-solving has been a fundamental driver of human progress in numerous domains. With advancements in artificial intelligence, Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools capable of tackling complex problems across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Da Zheng , Lun Du , Junwei Su , Yuchen Tian , Yuqi Zhu , Jintian Zhang , Lanning Wei , Ningyu Zhang , Huajun Chen

The spread of misinformation across digital platforms can pose significant societal risks. Claim verification, a.k.a. fact-checking, systems can help identify potential misinformation. However, their efficacy is limited by the knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Md Badsha Biswas , Ozlem Uzuner