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Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are highly efficient due to their spike-based activation, which inherently produces bit-sparse computation patterns. Existing hardware implementations of SNNs leverage this sparsity pattern to avoid wasteful…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Chiyue Wei , Cong Guo , Feng Cheng , Shiyu Li , Hao "Frank" Yang , Hai "Helen" Li , Yiran Chen

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have been widely praised for their high energy efficiency and immense potential. However, comprehensive research that critically contrasts and correlates SNNs with quantized Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Guobin Shen , Dongcheng Zhao , Tenglong Li , Jindong Li , Yi Zeng

In a spiking neural network (SNN), individual neurons operate autonomously and only communicate with other neurons sparingly and asynchronously via spike signals. These characteristics render a massively parallel hardware implementation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-05-17 Ping Tak Peter Tang , Tsung-Han Lin , Mike Davies

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are energy-efficient and biologically plausible, ideal for embedded and security-critical systems, yet their adversarial robustness remains open. Existing adversarial attacks often overlook SNNs' bio-plausible…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Lingxin Jin , Wei Jiang , Maregu Assefa Habtie , Letian Chen , Jinyu Zhan , Xingzhi Zhou , Lin Zuo , Naoufel Werghi

The ambition of brain-inspired Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) is to become a low-power alternative to traditional Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). This work addresses two major challenges in realizing this vision: the performance gap…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Man Yao , Xuerui Qiu , Tianxiang Hu , Jiakui Hu , Yuhong Chou , Keyu Tian , Jianxing Liao , Luziwei Leng , Bo Xu , Guoqi Li

Spiking Neural Networks (SNN) are a class of bio-inspired neural networks that promise to bring low-power and low-latency inference to edge devices through asynchronous and sparse processing. However, being temporal models, SNNs depend…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Asude Aydin , Mathias Gehrig , Daniel Gehrig , Davide Scaramuzza

In this era of AI revolution, massive investments in large-scale data-driven AI systems demand high-performance computing, consuming tremendous energy and resources. This trend raises new challenges in optimizing sustainability without…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Tokey Tahmid , Mark Gates , Piotr Luszczek , Catherine D. Schuman

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have recently emerged as the low-power alternative to Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) because of their sparse, asynchronous, and binary event-driven processing. Due to their energy efficiency, SNNs have a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-18 Youngeun Kim , Joshua Chough , Priyadarshini Panda

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are highly regarded for their energy efficiency, inherent activation sparsity, and suitability for real-time processing in edge devices. However, most current SNN methods adopt architectures resembling…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Yesmine Abdennadher , Giovanni Perin , Riccardo Mazzieri , Jacopo Pegoraro , Michele Rossi

Despite the remarkable progress in the synthesis speed and fidelity of neural vocoders, their high energy consumption remains a critical barrier to practical deployment on computationally restricted edge devices. Spiking Neural Networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Yukun Chen , Zhaoxi Mu , Andong Li , Peilin Li , Xinyu Yang

While classical neural networks take a position of a leading method in the machine learning community, spiking neuromorphic systems bring attention and large projects in neuroscience. Spiking neural networks were shown to be able to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-04-07 Sergei Dytckov , Masoud Daneshtalab

Bayesian neural networks offer better estimates of model uncertainty compared to frequentist networks. However, inference involving Bayesian models requires multiple instantiations or sampling of the network parameters, requiring…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Prabodh Katti , Anagha Nimbekar , Chen Li , Amit Acharyya , Bashir M. Al-Hashimi , Bipin Rajendran

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning (DL) has catalyzed the emergence of several optimization-driven subfields, notably neuromorphic computing and quantum machine learning. Leveraging the differentiable…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Luu Trong Nhan , Luu Trung Duong , Pham Ngoc Nam , Truong Cong Thang

Spiking Neural Networks are a type of neural networks where neurons communicate using only spikes. They are often presented as a low-power alternative to classical neural networks, but few works have proven these claims to be true. In this…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-04-17 Edgar Lemaire , Loic Cordone , Andrea Castagnetti , Pierre-Emmanuel Novac , Jonathan Courtois , Benoit Miramond

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are brain-inspired mathematical models with the ability to process information in the form of spikes. SNNs are expected to provide not only new machine-learning algorithms, but also energy-efficient…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-01-16 Yusuke Sakemi , Kai Morino , Takashi Morie , Kazuyuki Aihara

Machine learning with artificial neural networks (ANNs), provides solutions for the growing complexity of modern communication systems. This complexity, however, increases power consumption, making the systems energy-intensive. Spiking…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-26 Eike-Manuel Edelmann

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are widely employed to solve various problems, e.g., image classification. Due to their compute- and data-intensive nature, CNN accelerators have been developed as ASICs or on FPGAs. Increasing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-06-23 Patrick Plagwitz , Frank Hannig , Jürgen Teich , Oliver Keszocze

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), particularly Spiking Transformers, offer energy-efficient processing of event-based sensor data for healthcare applications. Yet current architectures are rigid: they are trained and deployed as static…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Alberto Ancilotto , Gianluca Amprimo , Stefano Di Carlo , Elisabetta Farella

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have shown advantages in computation and energy efficiency over traditional artificial neural networks (ANNs) thanks to their event-driven representations. SNNs also replace weight multiplications in ANNs with…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Yangfan Hu , Qian Zheng , Xudong Jiang , Gang Pan

Neuromorphic computing has recently gained momentum with the emergence of various neuromorphic processors. As the field advances, there is an increasing focus on developing training methods that can effectively leverage the unique…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Sanaz Mahmoodi Takaghaj , Jack Sampson