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The success of Transformer language models is widely credited to their dot-product attention mechanism, which interweaves a set of key design principles: mixing information across positions (enabling multi-token interactions),…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Huiyin Xue , Nafise Sadat Moosavi , Nikolaos Aletras

Learning the kernel functions used in kernel methods has been a vastly explored area in machine learning. It is now widely accepted that to obtain 'good' performance, learning a kernel function is the key challenge. In this work we focus on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-01-08 Chetan Tonde , Ahmed Elgammal

Transformers have become the cornerstone of modern large-scale language models, but their reliance on softmax attention poses a computational bottleneck at both training and inference. Recurrent models offer high efficiency, but compressing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Xiuying Wei , Anunay Yadav , Razvan Pascanu , Caglar Gulcehre

Kernel methods in Quantum Machine Learning (QML) have recently gained significant attention as a potential candidate for achieving a quantum advantage in data analysis. Among other attractive properties, when training a kernel-based model…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-16 Supanut Thanasilp , Samson Wang , M. Cerezo , Zoë Holmes

Motivated by the attention mechanism of the human visual system and recent developments in the field of machine translation, we introduce our attention-based and recurrent sequence to sequence autoencoders for fully unsupervised…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-20 Shahin Amiriparian , Pawel Winokurow , Vincent Karas , Sandra Ottl , Maurice Gerczuk , Björn W. Schuller

Transformers have proven highly effective across modalities, but standard softmax attention scales quadratically with sequence length, limiting long context modeling. Linear attention mitigates this by approximating attention with kernel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Ashkan Shahbazi , Chayne Thrash , Yikun Bai , Keaton Hamm , Navid NaderiAlizadeh , Soheil Kolouri

Despite the remarkable empirical performance of Transformers, their theoretical understanding remains elusive. Here, we consider a deep multi-head self-attention network, that is closely related to Transformers yet analytically tractable.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Lorenzo Tiberi , Francesca Mignacco , Kazuki Irie , Haim Sompolinsky

As large language models (LLMs) demonstrate outstanding performance across various tasks, attention-driven models have profoundly transformed the field of machine learning. Since attention computations account for the primary computational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-28 Xuyang Guo , Zhao Song , Xin Yang , Ruizhe Zhang

With the increasing complexity and scale of click-through rate (CTR) prediction tasks in online advertising and recommendation systems, accurately estimating the importance of features has become a critical aspect of developing effective…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Hasan Saribas , Cagri Yesil , Serdarcan Dilbaz , Halit Orenbas

In this paper, to remedy this deficiency, we propose a Linear Attention Mechanism which is approximate to dot-product attention with much less memory and computational costs. The efficient design makes the incorporation between attention…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-21 Rui Li , Jianlin Su , Chenxi Duan , Shunyi Zheng

Recent advances in deep neural networks have been developed via architecture search for stronger representational power. In this work, we focus on the effect of attention in general deep neural networks. We propose a simple and effective…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-19 Jongchan Park , Sanghyun Woo , Joon-Young Lee , In So Kweon

In this paper we propose a neural network model with a novel Sequential Attention layer that extends soft attention by assigning weights to words in an input sequence in a way that takes into account not just how well that word matches a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-28 Sebastian Brarda , Philip Yeres , Samuel R. Bowman

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) frequently "cheat" by exploiting superficial correlations, raising concerns about whether they make predictions for the right reasons. Inspired by cognitive science, which highlights the role of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Ryan L. Yang , Dipkamal Bhusal , Nidhi Rastogi

Linear attention has emerged as a promising alternative to softmax-based attention, leveraging kernelized feature maps to reduce complexity from quadratic to linear in sequence length. However, the non-negative constraint on feature maps…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Weikang Meng , Yadan Luo , Xin Li , Dongmei Jiang , Zheng Zhang

Pre-trained language models like BERT and its variants have recently achieved impressive performance in various natural language understanding tasks. However, BERT heavily relies on the global self-attention block and thus suffers large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-03 Zihang Jiang , Weihao Yu , Daquan Zhou , Yunpeng Chen , Jiashi Feng , Shuicheng Yan

Since the seminal work of Keating and Snaith, the characteristic polynomial of a random Haar-distributed unitary matrix has seen several of its functional studied or turned into a conjecture; for instance: $ \bullet $ its value in $1$…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-11-05 Yacine Barhoumi-Andréani

We propose a simple modification to the conventional attention mechanism applied by Transformers: Instead of quantifying pairwise query-key similarity with scaled dot-products, we quantify it with the logarithms of scaled dot-products of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Franz A. Heinsen

Transformers and deep state space models (SSMs) sit at opposite ends of a basic design choice: attention routes each query through a growing key-value (KV) cache by content-based matching at quadratic cost, while deep SSMs compress context…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Naoki Kiyohara , Harrison Bo Hua Zhu , Riccardo El Hassanin , Zhuo Sun , Wenlong Chen , Samir Bhatt , Yingzhen Li

We formulate an attention mechanism for continuous and ordered sequences that explicitly functions as an alignment model, which serves as the core of many sequence-to-sequence tasks. Standard scaled dot-product attention relies on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Hyungjoon Soh , Junghyo Jo

The recent integration of attention mechanisms into segmentation networks improves their representational capabilities through a great emphasis on more informative features. However, these attention mechanisms ignore an implicit sub-task of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Zilong Zhong , Zhong Qiu Lin , Rene Bidart , Xiaodan Hu , Ibrahim Ben Daya , Zhifeng Li , Wei-Shi Zheng , Jonathan Li , Alexander Wong