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State Space Models (SSMs) have emerged as powerful components for sequence modeling, enabling efficient handling of long-range dependencies via linear recurrence and convolutional computation. However, their effectiveness depends heavily on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Hossein Babaei , Mel White , Richard G. Baraniuk

State-Space Models (SSMs) have re-emerged as a powerful tool for online function approximation, and as the backbone of machine learning models for long-range dependent data. However, to date, only a few polynomial bases have been explored…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Hossein Babaei , Mel White , Sina Alemohammad , Richard G. Baraniuk

State-space models (SSMs) have emerged as a powerful foundation for long-range sequence modeling, with the HiPPO framework showing that continuous-time projection operators can be used to derive stable, memory-efficient dynamical systems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Ruben Solozabal , Velibor Bojkovic , Hilal Alquabeh , Klea Ziu , Kentaro Inui , Martin Takac

Linear time-invariant state space models (SSM) are a classical model from engineering and statistics, that have recently been shown to be very promising in machine learning through the Structured State Space sequence model (S4). A core…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Albert Gu , Isys Johnson , Aman Timalsina , Atri Rudra , Christopher Ré

State space models (SSM) have recently been shown to be very effective as a deep learning layer as a promising alternative to sequence models such as RNNs, CNNs, or Transformers. The first version to show this potential was the S4 model,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Albert Gu , Ankit Gupta , Karan Goel , Christopher Ré

Recent State Space Models (SSMs) such as S4, S5, and Mamba have shown remarkable computational benefits in long-range temporal dependency modeling. However, in many sequence modeling problems, the underlying process is inherently modular…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Jindong Jiang , Fei Deng , Gautam Singh , Minseung Lee , Sungjin Ahn

State-space models (SSMs) offer a powerful framework for dynamical system analysis, wherein the temporal dynamics of the system are assumed to be captured through the evolution of the latent states, which govern the values of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-17 Jiahe Lin , George Michailidis

Models using structured state space sequence (S4) layers have achieved state-of-the-art performance on long-range sequence modeling tasks. An S4 layer combines linear state space models (SSMs), the HiPPO framework, and deep learning to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Jimmy T. H. Smith , Andrew Warrington , Scott W. Linderman

This paper studies sequence modeling for prediction tasks with long range dependencies. We propose a new formulation for state space models (SSMs) based on learning linear dynamical systems with the spectral filtering algorithm (Hazan et…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Naman Agarwal , Daniel Suo , Xinyi Chen , Elad Hazan

Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) has proven to be a powerful tool for capturing detailed spectral and spatial information across diverse applications. Despite the advancements in Deep Learning (DL) and Transformer architectures for HSI…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Muhammad Ahmad , Muhammad Usama , Manuel Mazzara , Salvatore Distefano

Modern high-energy physics (HEP) experiments are increasingly challenged by the vast size and complexity of their datasets, particularly regarding large-scale point cloud processing and long sequences. In this study, to address these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Cheng Jiang , Sitian Qian

This work explores the in-context learning capabilities of State Space Models (SSMs) and presents, to the best of our knowledge, the first theoretical explanation of a possible underlying mechanism. We introduce a novel weight construction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Federico Arangath Joseph , Kilian Konstantin Haefeli , Noah Liniger , Caglar Gulcehre

State Space Model (SSM) is a mathematical model used to describe and analyze the behavior of dynamic systems. This model has witnessed numerous applications in several fields, including control theory, signal processing, economics and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Xiao Liu , Chenxu Zhang , Lei Zhang

Structured State Space Models (SSMs), which are at the heart of the recently popular Mamba architecture, are powerful tools for sequence modeling. However, their theoretical foundation relies on a complex, multi-stage process of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Sutashu Tomonaga , Kenji Doya , Noboru Murata

Modeling long-range dependencies in sequential data is a crucial step in sequence learning. A recently developed model, the Structured State Space (S4), demonstrated significant effectiveness in modeling long-range sequences. However, It is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Jiqun Chu , Zuoquan Lin

Structured State Space Models (SSMs) have emerged as a transformative paradigm in sequence modeling, addressing critical limitations of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) and Transformers, namely, vanishing gradients, sequential computation…

Sea surface temperature (SST) is an essential indicator of global climate change and one of the most intuitive factors reflecting ocean conditions. Obtaining high-resolution SST data remains challenging due to limitations in physical…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-30 Wankun Chen , Feng Gao , Yanhai Gan , Jingchao Cao , Junyu Dong , Qian Du

Deep learning techniques have revolutionized the infrared and visible image fusion (IVIF), showing remarkable efficacy on complex scenarios. However, current methods do not fully combine frequency domain features with global semantic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Tianpei Zhang , Yiming Zhu , Jufeng Zhao , Guangmang Cui , Yuchen Zheng

Sequence modeling is a crucial area across various domains, including Natural Language Processing (NLP), speech recognition, time series forecasting, music generation, and bioinformatics. Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) and Long Short Term…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Badri Narayana Patro , Vijay Srinivas Agneeswaran

Infrared image super-resolution demands long-range dependency modeling and multi-scale feature extraction to address challenges such as homogeneous backgrounds, weak edges, and sparse textures. While Mamba-based state-space models (SSMs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Yongsong Huang , Tomo Miyazaki , Xiaofeng Liu , Shinichiro Omachi
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