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Bayesian neural networks (BNNs) augment deep networks with uncertainty quantification by Bayesian treatment of the network weights. However, such models face the challenge of Bayesian inference in a high-dimensional and usually…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Zhijie Deng , Yucen Luo , Jun Zhu , Bo Zhang

Modeling uncertainty in deep neural networks, despite recent important advances, is still an open problem. Bayesian neural networks are a powerful solution, where the prior over network weights is a design choice, often a normal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-29 Raanan Y. Rohekar , Yaniv Gurwicz , Shami Nisimov , Gal Novik

Informed by the basic geometry underlying feed forward neural networks, we initialize the weights of the first layer of a neural network using the linear discriminants which best distinguish individual classes. Networks initialized in this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-19 Marissa Masden , Dev Sinha

Neural networks trained with standard objectives exhibit behaviors characteristic of probabilistic inference: soft clustering, prototype specialization, and Bayesian uncertainty tracking. These phenomena appear across architectures -- in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Alan Oursland

The capacity of neural networks like the widely adopted transformer is known to be very high. Evidence is emerging that they learn successfully due to inductive bias in the training routine, typically a variant of gradient descent (GD). To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-09 William Merrill , Vivek Ramanujan , Yoav Goldberg , Roy Schwartz , Noah Smith

We present a novel approach for training deep neural networks in a Bayesian way. Classical, i.e. non-Bayesian, deep learning has two major drawbacks both originating from the fact that network parameters are considered to be deterministic.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-03-11 Konstantin Posch , Jan Steinbrener , Jürgen Pilz

Estimating the Generalization Error (GE) of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) is an important task that often relies on availability of held-out data. The ability to better predict GE based on a single training set may yield overarching DNN…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Angus Galloway , Anna Golubeva , Mahmoud Salem , Mihai Nica , Yani Ioannou , Graham W. Taylor

The activation function deployed in a deep neural network has great influence on the performance of the network at initialisation, which in turn has implications for training. In this paper we study how to avoid two problems at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Michael Murray , Vinayak Abrol , Jared Tanner

Building fair deep neural networks (DNNs) is a crucial step towards achieving trustworthy artificial intelligence. Delving into deeper factors that affect the fairness of DNNs is paramount and serves as the foundation for mitigating model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Yanbiao Ma , Licheng Jiao , Fang Liu , Lingling Li , Wenping Ma , Shuyuan Yang , Xu Liu , Puhua Chen

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have played a key role in a wide range of machine learning applications. However, DNN classifiers are vulnerable to human-imperceptible adversarial perturbations, which can cause them to misclassify inputs with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-20 Jeffrey Z. Pan , Nicholas Zufelt

The remarkable performance of overparameterized deep neural networks (DNNs) must arise from an interplay between network architecture, training algorithms, and structure in the data. To disentangle these three components, we apply a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Chris Mingard , Henry Rees , Guillermo Valle-Pérez , Ard A. Louis

The problem of inter-rater variability is often discussed in the context of manual labeling of medical images. The emergence of data-driven approaches such as Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) brought this issue of raters' disagreement to the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-02 Or Shwartzman , Harel Gazit , Ilan Shelef , Tammy Riklin-Raviv

Gradient-based deep-learning algorithms exhibit remarkable performance in practice, but it is not well-understood why they are able to generalize despite having more parameters than training examples. It is believed that implicit bias is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Gal Vardi

Graph neural networks (GNNs), as the de-facto model class for representation learning on graphs, are built upon the multi-layer perceptrons (MLP) architecture with additional message passing layers to allow features to flow across nodes.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Chenxiao Yang , Qitian Wu , Jiahua Wang , Junchi Yan

Due to its causal semantics, Bayesian networks (BN) have been widely employed to discover the underlying data relationship in exploratory studies, such as brain research. Despite its success in modeling the probability distribution of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-06-24 Luping Zhou , Lei Wang , Lingqiao Liu , Philip Ogunbona , Dinggang Shen

An oft-cited challenge of federated learning is the presence of heterogeneity. \emph{Data heterogeneity} refers to the fact that data from different clients may follow very different distributions. \emph{System heterogeneity} refers to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-28 John Nguyen , Jianyu Wang , Kshitiz Malik , Maziar Sanjabi , Michael Rabbat

Advanced deep neural networks (DNNs), designed by either human or AutoML algorithms, are growing increasingly complex. Diverse operations are connected by complicated connectivity patterns, e.g., various types of skip connections. Those…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Wuyang Chen , Wei Huang , Xinyu Gong , Boris Hanin , Zhangyang Wang

This paper studies how neural network architecture affects the speed of training. We introduce a simple concept called gradient confusion to help formally analyze this. When gradient confusion is high, stochastic gradients produced by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Karthik A. Sankararaman , Soham De , Zheng Xu , W. Ronny Huang , Tom Goldstein

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved unprecedented performance on a wide range of complex tasks, rapidly outpacing our understanding of the nature of their solutions. This has caused a recent surge of interest in methods for rendering…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-06-30 Samuel Ritter , David G. T. Barrett , Adam Santoro , Matt M. Botvinick

Deep neural networks are known to suffer from exploding or vanishing gradients as depth increases, a phenomenon closely tied to the spectral behavior of the input-output Jacobian. Prior work has identified critical initialization schemes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Benjamin Dadoun , Soufiane Hayou , Hanan Salam , Mohamed El Amine Seddik , Pierre Youssef