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Recent research has supported that system explainability improves user trust and willingness to use medical AI for diagnostic support. In this paper, we use chest disease diagnosis based on X-Ray images as a case study to investigate user…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-04-27 Yao Rong , Nora Castner , Efe Bozkir , Enkelejda Kasneci

Large language models (LLMs) show promise in radiology but their deployment is limited by computational requirements that preclude use in resource-constrained clinical environments. We investigate whether small language models (SLMs) of 3-4…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Pankaj Gupta , Kartik Bose

Radiology report generation (RRG) aims to create free-text radiology reports from clinical imaging. Grounded radiology report generation (GRRG) extends RRG by including the localisation of individual findings on the image. Currently, there…

Self-supervised learning provides an opportunity to explore unlabeled chest X-rays and their associated free-text reports accumulated in clinical routine without manual supervision. This paper proposes a Joint Image Text Representation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Zhanghexuan Ji , Mohammad Abuzar Shaikh , Dana Moukheiber , Sargur Srihari , Yifan Peng , Mingchen Gao

Chest X-ray (CXR) is the most common X-ray examination performed in daily clinical practice for the diagnosis of various heart and lung abnormalities. The large amount of data to be read and reported, with 100+ studies per day for a single…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-17 Sebastian Guendel , Florin C. Ghesu , Sasa Grbic , Eli Gibson , Bogdan Georgescu , Andreas Maier , Dorin Comaniciu

Radiology report generation (RRG) has attracted significant attention due to its potential to reduce the workload of radiologists. Current RRG approaches are still unsatisfactory against clinical standards. This paper introduces a novel RRG…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Zijian Zhou , Miaojing Shi , Meng Wei , Oluwatosin Alabi , Zijie Yue , Tom Vercauteren

Instance level detection of thoracic diseases or abnormalities are crucial for automatic diagnosis in chest X-ray images. Most existing works on chest X-rays focus on disease classification and weakly supervised localization. In order to…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-20 Jingyu Liu , Jie Lian , Yizhou Yu

Large models have recently played a dominant role in natural language processing and multimodal vision-language learning. However, their effectiveness in text-related visual tasks remains relatively unexplored. In this paper, we conducted a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Yuliang Liu , Zhang Li , Mingxin Huang , Biao Yang , Wenwen Yu , Chunyuan Li , Xucheng Yin , Cheng-lin Liu , Lianwen Jin , Xiang Bai

Free-text radiology reports present a rich data source for various medical tasks, but effectively labeling these texts remains challenging. Traditional rule-based labeling methods fall short of capturing the nuances of diverse free-text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Jawook Gu , Kihyun You , Han-Cheol Cho , Jiho Kim , Eun Kyoung Hong , Byungseok Roh

Pulmonary diseases can cause severe respiratory problems, leading to sudden death if not treated timely. Many researchers have utilized deep learning systems to diagnose pulmonary disorders using chest X-rays (CXRs). However, such systems…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-17 Mehreen Sirshar , Taimur Hassan , Muhammad Usman Akram , Shoab Ahmed Khan

Chest X-ray is the most common medical imaging exam used to assess multiple pathologies. Automated algorithms and tools have the potential to support the reading workflow, improve efficiency, and reduce reading errors. With the availability…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-14 Sebastian Guendel , Sasa Grbic , Bogdan Georgescu , Kevin Zhou , Ludwig Ritschl , Andreas Meier , Dorin Comaniciu

Although there have been several recent advances in the application of deep learning algorithms to chest x-ray interpretation, we identify three major challenges for the translation of chest x-ray algorithms to the clinical setting. We…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-12 Pranav Rajpurkar , Anirudh Joshi , Anuj Pareek , Phil Chen , Amirhossein Kiani , Jeremy Irvin , Andrew Y. Ng , Matthew P. Lungren

Despite the progress in utilizing deep learning to automate chest radiograph interpretation and disease diagnosis tasks, change between sequential Chest X-rays (CXRs) has received limited attention. Monitoring the progression of pathologies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-16 Gaurang Karwande , Amarachi Mbakawe , Joy T. Wu , Leo A. Celi , Mehdi Moradi , Ismini Lourentzou

Chest X-rays are widely used to diagnose thoracic diseases, but the lack of detailed information about these abnormalities makes it challenging to develop accurate automated diagnosis systems, which is crucial for early detection and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-24 S. M. Nabil Ashraf , Md. Adyelullahil Mamun , Hasnat Md. Abdullah , Md. Golam Rabiul Alam

Purpose: To benchmark open-source or commercial medical image-specific VLMs against real-world radiologist-written reports. Methods: This retrospective study included adult patients who presented to the emergency department between January…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-02 Woo Hyeon Lim , Ji Young Lee , Jong Hyuk Lee , Saehoon Kim , Hyungjin Kim

Pneumonia has been one of the major causes of morbidities and mortality in the world and the prevalence of this disease is disproportionately high among the pediatric and elderly populations especially in resources trained areas Fast and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Sathish Krishna Anumula , Vetrivelan Tamilmani , Aniruddha Arjun Singh , Dinesh Rajendran , Venkata Deepak Namburi

Chest X-ray plays a central role in thoracic diagnosis, and its interpretation inherently requires multi-step, evidence-grounded reasoning. However, large vision-language models (LVLMs) often generate plausible responses that are not…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Hyungyung Lee , Hangyul Yoon , Edward Choi

Objectives: The present study evaluated the impact of a commercially available explainable AI algorithm in augmenting the ability of clinicians to identify lung cancer on chest X-rays (CXR). Design: This retrospective study evaluated the…

Chest radiography is a widely used imaging modality for thoracic disease diagnosis, yet its conventional interpretation remains time-consuming and heavily dependent on expert knowledge. While deep learning has improved diagnostic efficiency…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Duy Nguyen Huu , Duy Hoang Khuong , Ngu Huynh Cong Viet

Automated diagnostic assistants in healthcare necessitate accurate AI models that can be trained with limited labeled data, can cope with severe class imbalances and can support simultaneous prediction of multiple disease conditions. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-11 Deepta Rajan , Jayaraman J. Thiagarajan , Alexandros Karargyris , Satyananda Kashyap