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Large language models (LLMs) have saturated standard medical benchmarks that test factual recall, yet their ability to perform higher-order reasoning, such as synthesizing evidence from multiple sources, remains critically under-explored.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Huy Hoang Ha , Benoit Favre , Francois Portet

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in understanding common visual elements, largely due to their large-scale datasets and advanced training strategies. However, their effectiveness in medical…

The recent success of Large Language Models (LLMs) has had a significant impact on the healthcare field, providing patients with medical advice, diagnostic information, and more. However, due to a lack of professional medical knowledge,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Wenya Xie , Qingying Xiao , Yu Zheng , Xidong Wang , Junying Chen , Ke Ji , Anningzhe Gao , Xiang Wan , Feng Jiang , Benyou Wang

Objective: Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate significant capabilities in medical text understanding and generation. However, their diagnostic reliability in complex clinical scenarios remains limited. This study aims to enhance LLMs'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Peixian Li , Yu Tian , Ruiqi Tu , Chengkai Wu , Jingjing Ren , Jingsong Li

Numerous benchmarks aim to evaluate the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) for causal inference and reasoning. However, many of them can likely be solved through the retrieval of domain knowledge, questioning whether they achieve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Linying Yang , Vik Shirvaikar , Oscar Clivio , Fabian Falck

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable ability in various language tasks, especially with their emergent in-context learning capability. Extending LLMs to incorporate visual inputs, large vision-language models (LVLMs) have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Aneesh Komanduri , Karuna Bhaila , Xintao Wu

Recent large language models (LLMs) have advanced table understanding capabilities but rely on converting tables into text sequences. While multimodal large language models (MLLMs) enable direct visual processing, they face limitations in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Bohao Yang , Yingji Zhang , Dong Liu , André Freitas , Chenghua Lin

Clinical guidelines, typically structured as decision trees, are central to evidence-based medical practice and critical for ensuring safe and accurate diagnostic decision-making. However, it remains unclear whether Large Language Models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Xiaomin Li , Mingye Gao , Yuexing Hao , Taoran Li , Guangya Wan , Zihan Wang , Yijun Wang

Ensuring the general efficacy and goodness for human beings from medical large language models (LLM) before real-world deployment is crucial. However, a widely accepted and accessible evaluation process for medical LLM, especially in the…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in clinical decision support, yet subtle demographic cues can influence their reasoning. Prior work has documented disparities in outputs across patient groups, but little is known…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Rajarshi Ghosh , Abhay Gupta , Hudson McBride , Anurag Vaidya , Faisal Mahmood

HealthBranches is a novel benchmark dataset for medical Question-Answering (Q&A), specifically designed to evaluate complex reasoning in Large Language Models (LLMs). This dataset is generated through a semi-automated pipeline that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Cristian Cosentino , Annamaria Defilippo , Marco Dossena , Christopher Irwin , Sara Joubbi , Pietro Liò

Lung cancer clinical decision support demands precise reasoning across complex, multi-stage oncological workflows. Existing multimodal large language models (MLLMs) fail to handle guideline-constrained staging and treatment reasoning. We…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated surprising performance across various natural language processing tasks. Recently, medical LLMs enhanced with domain-specific knowledge have exhibited excellent capabilities in medical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Jinqiang Wang , Huansheng Ning , Yi Peng , Qikai Wei , Daniel Tesfai , Wenwei Mao , Tao Zhu , Runhe Huang

While recent advancements in commercial large language models (LM) have shown promising results in medical tasks, their closed-source nature poses significant privacy and security concerns, hindering their widespread use in the medical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Hyunjae Kim , Hyeon Hwang , Jiwoo Lee , Sihyeon Park , Dain Kim , Taewhoo Lee , Chanwoong Yoon , Jiwoong Sohn , Donghee Choi , Jaewoo Kang

Clinical trial matching is a key process in health delivery and discovery. In practice, it is plagued by overwhelming unstructured data and unscalable manual processing. In this paper, we conduct a systematic study on scaling clinical trial…

The advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has greatly improved our ability to process complex language. However, accurately detecting logical fallacies remains a significant challenge. This study presents a novel and effective prompt…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Jiwon Jeong , Hyeju Jang , Hogun Park

Artificial intelligence has demonstrated significant potential in clinical decision-making; however, developing models capable of adapting to diverse real-world scenarios and performing complex diagnostic reasoning remains a major…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Ronghao Xu , Zhen Huang , Yangbo Wei , Xiaoqian Zhou , Zikang Xu , Ting Liu , Zihang Jiang , S. Kevin Zhou

Logical reasoning is fundamental for humans yet presents a substantial challenge in the domain of Artificial Intelligence. Initially, researchers used Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR) systems that did not scale and required…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Man Luo , Shrinidhi Kumbhar , Ming shen , Mihir Parmar , Neeraj Varshney , Pratyay Banerjee , Somak Aditya , Chitta Baral

Medical question-answering (QA) is a critical task for evaluating how effectively large language models (LLMs) encode clinical knowledge and assessing their potential applications in medicine. Despite showing promise on multiple-choice…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Guangfu Guo , Kai Zhang , Bryan Hoo , Yujun Cai , Xiaoqian Lu , Nanyun Peng , Yiwei Wang

Biomedical queries often rely on a deep understanding of specialized knowledge such as gene regulatory mechanisms and pathological processes of diseases. They require detailed analysis of complex physiological processes and effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Congying Liu , Xingyuan Wei , Peipei Liu , Yiqing Shen , Yanxu Mao , Tiehan Cui
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