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In this paper we propose a hybrid architecture of actor-critic algorithms for reinforcement learning in parameterized action space, which consists of multiple parallel sub-actor networks to decompose the structured action space into simpler…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-31 Zhou Fan , Rui Su , Weinan Zhang , Yong Yu

Bi-level optimization problems, where one wishes to find the global minimizer of an upper-level objective function over the globally optimal solution set of a lower-level objective, arise in a variety of scenarios throughout science and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-13 Nicolás García Trillos , Sixu Li , Konstantin Riedl , Yuhua Zhu

Autocurricular training is an important sub-area of multi-agent reinforcement learning~(MARL) that allows multiple agents to learn emergent skills in an unsupervised co-evolving scheme. The robotics community has experimented autocurricular…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Boling Yang , Liyuan Zheng , Lillian J. Ratliff , Byron Boots , Joshua R. Smith

While Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has become the de facto approach for aligning Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs), it suffers from Likelihood Displacement, where the probability of both chosen and rejected responses collapses.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Kaili Huang , Hongming Zhang , Rui Shen , Linjun Dai , Jiahao Wang , Hanming Deng , Lewei Lu

This is a PhD thesis of Blagoj Delipetrev explaining nested dynamic programming, nested stochastic dynamic programming and nested reinforcement learning algorithms that are applied in reservoir optimization problem. Additionally there are…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-11-09 Blagoj Delipetrev

Deterministic policy gradient algorithms are foundational for actor-critic methods in controlling continuous systems, yet they often encounter inaccuracies due to their dependence on the derivative of the critic's value estimates with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Baturay Saglam , Dionysis Kalogerias

Bilevel optimization is a hierarchical framework where an upper-level optimization problem is constrained by a lower-level problem, commonly used in machine learning applications such as hyperparameter optimization. Existing bilevel…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-03 Yuman Wu , Xiaochuan Gong , Jie Hao , Mingrui Liu

Behavior Regularized Policy Optimization (BRPO) leverages asymmetric (divergence) regularization to mitigate the distribution shift in offline Reinforcement Learning. This paper is the first to study the open question of symmetric…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Lingwei Zhu , Haseeb Shah , Zheng Chen , Yukie Nagai , Martha White

Reinforcement Learning has yielded promising results for Neural Architecture Search (NAS). In this paper, we demonstrate how its performance can be improved by using a simplified Transformer block to model the policy network. The simplified…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-06 Chepuri Shri Krishna , Ashish Gupta , Swarnim Narayan , Himanshu Rai , Diksha Manchanda

We propose a new family of policy gradient methods for reinforcement learning, which alternate between sampling data through interaction with the environment, and optimizing a "surrogate" objective function using stochastic gradient ascent.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-08-29 John Schulman , Filip Wolski , Prafulla Dhariwal , Alec Radford , Oleg Klimov

Since the objective functions of reinforcement learning problems are typically highly nonconvex, it is desirable that policy gradient, the most popular algorithm, escapes saddle points and arrives at second-order stationary points. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Siqiao Mu , Diego Klabjan

This work studies an independent natural policy gradient (NPG) algorithm for the multi-agent reinforcement learning problem in Markov potential games. It is shown that, under mild technical assumptions and the introduction of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Youbang Sun , Tao Liu , Ruida Zhou , P. R. Kumar , Shahin Shahrampour

We propose a novel actor-critic algorithm with guaranteed convergence to an optimal policy for a discounted reward Markov decision process. The actor incorporates a descent direction that is motivated by the solution of a certain non-linear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-07-30 Prashanth L. A. , H. L. Prasad , Shalabh Bhatnagar , Prakash Chandra

Trust region methods rigorously enabled reinforcement learning (RL) agents to learn monotonically improving policies, leading to superior performance on a variety of tasks. Unfortunately, when it comes to multi-agent reinforcement learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Jakub Grudzien Kuba , Ruiqing Chen , Muning Wen , Ying Wen , Fanglei Sun , Jun Wang , Yaodong Yang

Demand-side management (DSM) enables distribution system operators (DSOs) to steer electricity consumption through dynamic price signals or incentive mechanisms, thereby leveraging end-users' flexibility potential for delivering grid…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-04 Silvia Cianchi , Reza Rahimi Baghbadorani , Anibal Sanjab , Sergio Grammatico

This paper studies a class of dynamic Stackelberg games under open-loop information structure with constrained linear agent dynamics and quadratic utility functions. We show two important properties for this class of dynamic Stackelberg…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-08-09 Sen Li , Wei Zhang , Jianming Lian , Karanjit Kalsi

We provide a general approach to reformulating any continuous-time stochastic Stackelberg differential game under closed-loop strategies as a single-level optimisation problem with target constraints. More precisely, we consider a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-14 Camilo Hernández , Nicolás Hernández Santibáñez , Emma Hubert , Dylan Possamaï

We consider the problem of finding stationary Nash equilibria (NE) in a finite discounted general-sum stochastic game. We first generalize a non-linear optimization problem from Filar and Vrieze [2004] to a $N$-player setting and break down…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-07-06 H. L Prasad , L. A. Prashanth , Shalabh Bhatnagar

Large reasoning models (LRMs) generate intermediate reasoning traces before producing final answers, yielding strong gains on multi-step and mathematical tasks. Yet aligning LRMs with human preferences, a crucial prerequisite for model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Mingkang Zhu , Xi Chen , Bei Yu , Hengshuang Zhao , Jiaya Jia

Recent successful deep reinforcement learning algorithms, such as Trust Region Policy Optimization (TRPO) or Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO), are fundamentally variations of conservative policy iteration (CPI). These algorithms iterate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-27 Erinc Merdivan , Sten Hanke , Matthieu Geist