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State-of-the-art branch and bound algorithms for mixed integer programming make use of special methods for making branching decisions. Strategies that have gained prominence include modern variants of so-called strong branching (Applegate,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-01-08 Fred Glover , Vladimir Shylo , Oleg Shylo

An essential component in modern solvers for mixed-integer (linear) programs (MIPs) is the separation of additional inequalities (cutting planes) to tighten the linear programming relaxation. Various algorithmic decisions are necessary when…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-06-24 Timo Berthold , Matteo Francobaldi , Gregor Hendel

Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) solvers rely on an array of sophisticated heuristics developed with decades of research to solve large-scale MIP instances encountered in practice. Machine learning offers to automatically construct better…

Machine learning is increasingly used to improve decisions within branch-and-bound algorithms for mixed-integer programming. Many existing approaches rely on deep learning, which often requires very large training datasets and substantial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Selin Bayramoğlu , George L Nemhauser , Nikolaos V Sahinidis

Cutting planes are essential for solving mixed-integer linear problems (MILPs), because they facilitate bound improvements on the optimal solution value. For selecting cuts, modern solvers rely on manually designed heuristics that are tuned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Max B. Paulus , Giulia Zarpellon , Andreas Krause , Laurent Charlin , Chris J. Maddison

In model predictive control (MPC) for hybrid systems, solving optimization problems efficiently and with guarantees on worst-case computational complexity is critical to satisfy the real-time constraints in these applications. These…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-11 Shamisa Shoja , Daniel Arnström , Daniel Axehill

The branch-and-cut algorithm is the method of choice to solve large scale integer programming problems in practice. A key ingredient of branch-and-cut is the use of cutting planes which are derived constraints that reduce the search space…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-05-24 Hongyu Cheng , Amitabh Basu

An important problem in optimization is the construction of mixed-integer programming (MIP) formulations of disjunctive constraints that are both strong and small. Motivated by lower bounds on the number of integer variables that are…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-12-05 Joey Huchette , Juan Pablo Vielma

Mixed-integer model predictive control (MI-MPC) requires the solution of a mixed-integer quadratic program (MIQP) at each sampling instant under strict timing constraints, where part of the state and control variables can only assume a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-03-22 Pedro Hespanhol , Rien Quirynen , Stefano Di Cairano

Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) lies at the core of many real-world combinatorial optimization (CO) problems, traditionally solved by branch-and-bound (B&B). A key driver influencing B&B solvers efficiency is the variable selection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Paul Strang , Zacharie Alès , Côme Bissuel , Olivier Juan , Safia Kedad-Sidhoum , Emmanuel Rachelson

The Branch-and-bound (B&B) algorithm is the main solver for Mixed Integer Linear Programs (MILPs), where the selection of branching variable is essential to computational efficiency. However, traditional heuristics for branching often fail…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Dou Jiabao , Nie Jiayi , Yihang Cheng , Jinwei Liu , Yingrui Ji , Canran Xiao , Feixiang Du , Jiaping Xiao

Machine learning components commonly appear in larger decision-making pipelines; however, the model training process typically focuses only on a loss that measures accuracy between predicted values and ground truth values. Decision-focused…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-19 Aaron Ferber , Bryan Wilder , Bistra Dilkina , Milind Tambe

Mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) has been a fundamental problem in combinatorial optimization. Conventional MILP solving mainly relies on carefully designed heuristics embedded in the branch-and-bound framework. Driven by the strong…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Siyuan Li , Yifan Yu , Zhihao Zhang , Mengjing Chen , Fangzhou Zhu , Tao Zhong , Peng Liu , Jianye Hao

The ability of machine learning (ML) algorithms to generalize well to unseen data has been studied through the lens of information theory, by bounding the generalization error with the input-output mutual information (MI), i.e., the MI…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-07 Kimia Nadjahi , Kristjan Greenewald , Rickard Brüel Gabrielsson , Justin Solomon

Most combinatorial optimization problems can be formulated as mixed integer linear programming (MILP), in which branch-and-bound (B\&B) is a general and widely used method. Recently, learning to branch has become a hot research topic in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Qingyu Qu , Xijun Li , Yunfan Zhou , Jia Zeng , Mingxuan Yuan , Jie Wang , Jinhu Lv , Kexin Liu , Kun Mao

In this paper, we consider the multiple probabilistic covering location problem (MPCLP), which attempts to open a fixed number of facilities to maximize the total covered customer demand under a joint probabilistic coverage setting. We…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-24 Yan-Ru Wang , Wei-Kun Chen , Ivana Ljubić

We present a generic branch-and-bound algorithm for finding all the Pareto solutions of a biobjective mixed-integer linear program. The main contributions are new algorithms for obtaining dual bounds at a node, for checking node fathoming,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-12-06 Nathan Adelgren , Akshay Gupte

Unit commitment (UC) problems are typically formulated as mixed-integer programs (MIP) and solved by the branch-and-bound (B&B) scheme. The recent advances in graph neural networks (GNN) enable it to enhance the B&B algorithm in modern MIP…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-28 Jingtao Qin , Nanpeng Yu

Branch-and-bound is the workhorse of all state-of-the-art mixed integer linear programming (MILP) solvers. These implementations of branch-and-bound typically use variable branching, that is, the child nodes are obtained by fixing some…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-09-20 Santanu S. Dey , Yatharth Dubey , Marco Molinaro

A linear program with linear complementarity constraints (LPCC) requires the minimization of a linear objective over a set of linear constraints together with additional linear complementarity constraints. This class has emerged as a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-02-09 Bin Yu , John E. Mitchell , Jong-Shi Pang