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Model merging, which combines multiple models into a single model, has gained popularity in recent years. By efficiently integrating the capabilities of various models, this significantly reduces the parameter count and memory usage.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Weiyu Chen , James Kwok

The performance of Neural Network (NN)-based language models is steadily improving due to the emergence of new architectures, which are able to learn different natural language characteristics. This paper presents a novel framework, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-08-24 Youssef Oualil , Dietrich Klakow

Model merging enables the reuse of fine-tuned models without joint training or access to original data. Dynamic merging further improves flexibility by selectively activating task-relevant parameters and efficiently composing experts across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Guodong Du , Wanyu Lin

Model merging provides a scalable alternative to multi-task training by combining specialized finetuned models through parameter arithmetic, enabling efficient deployment without the need for joint training or access to all task data. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Yifei He , Siqi Zeng , Yuzheng Hu , Rui Yang , Tong Zhang , Han Zhao

Model merging combines multiple fine-tuned checkpoints into a single model without additional training, offering an attractive approach to reusing models and efficiently improving performance. However, it remains unclear whether the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Oğuz Kağan Hitit , Leander Girrbach , Zeynep Akata

The fine-tuning of pre-trained language models has resulted in the widespread availability of task-specific models. Model merging offers an efficient way to create multi-task models by combining these fine-tuned models at the parameter…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Sanwoo Lee , Jiahao Liu , Qifan Wang , Jingang Wang , Xunliang Cai , Yunfang Wu

Fine-tuning pre-trained models provides significant advantages in downstream performance. The ubiquitous nature of pre-trained models such as BERT and its derivatives in natural language processing has also led to a proliferation of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Thennal D K , Ganesh Nathan , Suchithra M S

Multi-task model merging offers a promising paradigm for integrating multiple expert models into a unified model without additional training. Existing state-of-the-art techniques, such as Task Arithmetic and its variants, merge models by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Wenju Sun , Qingyong Li , Yangli-ao Geng , Boyang Li

Averaging the parameters of models that have the same architecture and initialization can provide a means of combining their respective capabilities. In this paper, we take the perspective that this "merging" operation can be seen as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-29 Michael Matena , Colin Raffel

Learning ensembles by bagging can substantially improve the generalization performance of low-bias, high-variance estimators, including those evolved by Genetic Programming (GP). To be efficient, modern GP algorithms for evolving (bagging)…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-02-08 Marco Virgolin

Recent advancements in building domain-specific large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable success, especially in tasks requiring reasoning abilities like logical inference over complex relationships and multi-step problem solving.…

Model merging dramatically reduces storage and computational resources by combining multiple expert models into a single multi-task model. Although recent model merging methods have shown promising results, they struggle to maintain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Zijing Wang , Xingle Xu , Yongkang Liu , Yiqun Zhang , Peiqin Lin , Shi Feng , Xiaocui Yang , Daling Wang , Hinrich Schütze

Model merging, which combines multiple domain-specialized experts into a single model, offers a practical path to endow Large Language Models (LLMs) and Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) with broad capabilities without the cost of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Dengming Zhang , Xiaowen Ma , Zhenliang Ni , Zhenkai Wu , Han Shu , Xin Jiang , Xinghao Chen

The growing demand for large language models (LLMs) with tunable reasoning capabilities in many real-world applications highlights a critical need for methods that can efficiently produce a spectrum of models balancing reasoning depth and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Xiaochong Lan , Yu Zheng , Shiteng Cao , Yong Li

Model merging has emerged as a promising technique for enhancing large language models, though its application in large-scale pre-training remains relatively unexplored. In this paper, we present a comprehensive investigation of model…

To provide a foundation for the research of deep learning models, the construction of model pool is an essential step. This paper proposes a Training-Free and Efficient Model Generation and Enhancement Scheme (MGE). This scheme primarily…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Xuan Wang , Zeshan Pang , Yuliang Lu , Xuehu Yan

Model merging is a powerful technique for integrating the specialized knowledge of multiple machine learning models into a single model. However, existing methods require manually partitioning model parameters into fixed groups for merging,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-25 João Abrantes , Robert Tjarko Lange , Yujin Tang

Model merging offers a training-free alternative to multi-task learning by combining independently fine-tuned models into a unified one without access to raw data. However, existing approaches often rely on heuristics to determine the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Chongjie Si , Kangtao Lv , Jingjing Jiang , Yadao Wang , Yongwei Wang , Xiaokang Yang , Wenbo Su , Bo Zheng , Wei Shen

Model merging has emerged as a cost-efficient approximation to multitask learning. Among merging strategies, task arithmetic is notable for its simplicity and effectiveness. In this work, we provide a theoretical motivation for task vectors…

Model merging has emerged as a promising technique for combining multiple fine-tuned models into a single multitask model without retraining. However, the factors that determine whether merging will succeed or fail remain poorly understood.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Adir Rahamim , Asaf Yehudai , Boaz Carmeli , Leshem Choshen , Yosi Mass , Yonatan Belinkov