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Question generation (QG) is a natural language processing task with an abundance of potential benefits and use cases in the educational domain. In order for this potential to be realized, QG systems must be designed and validated with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Sabina Elkins , Ekaterina Kochmar , Jackie C. K. Cheung , Iulian Serban

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming society, making it crucial to prepare the next generation through AI literacy in K-12 education. However, scalable and reliable AI literacy materials and assessment resources are lacking. To…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Jiayi Wang , Ruiwei Xiao , Ying-Jui Tseng

The dissemination of false information on online platforms presents a serious societal challenge. While manual fact-checking remains crucial, Large Language Models (LLMs) offer promising opportunities to support fact-checkers with their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Ivan Vykopal , Matúš Pikuliak , Simon Ostermann , Marián Šimko

Conversational Question Generation (CQG) is a critical task for machines to assist humans in fulfilling their information needs through conversations. The task is generally cast into two different settings: answer-aware and answer-unaware.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Xuan Long Do , Bowei Zou , Shafiq Joty , Anh Tai Tran , Liangming Pan , Nancy F. Chen , Ai Ti Aw

Multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are widely used across diverse educational fields and levels. Well-designed MCQs should evaluate knowledge application in real-world situations. However, writing such test items in sufficient numbers is…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Tetiana Krushynska , Jani Ursin , Ville Heilala

Automatic evaluation of generative tasks using large language models faces challenges due to ambiguous criteria. Although automatic checklist generation is a potentially promising approach, its usefulness remains underexplored. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Momoka Furuhashi , Kouta Nakayama , Takashi Kodama , Saku Sugawara

Question Generation (QG) aims to automate the task of composing questions for a passage with a set of chosen answers found within the passage. In recent years, the introduction of neural generation models has resulted in substantial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Tianbo Ji , Chenyang Lyu , Gareth Jones , Liting Zhou , Yvette Graham

Computational argumentation has become an essential tool in various domains, including law, public policy, and artificial intelligence. It is an emerging research field in natural language processing that attracts increasing attention.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Guizhen Chen , Liying Cheng , Luu Anh Tuan , Lidong Bing

The availability of Large Language Models (LLMs) presents a unique opportunity to reinvigorate research on Knowledge Engineering (KE) automation. This trend is already evident in recent efforts developing LLM-based methods and tools for the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Anna Sofia Lippolis , Minh Davide Ragagni , Paolo Ciancarini , Andrea Giovanni Nuzzolese , Valentina Presutti

Large language models (LLMs) bring unprecedented flexibility in defining and executing complex, creative natural language generation (NLG) tasks. Yet, this flexibility brings new challenges, as it introduces new degrees of freedom in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Furkan Şahinuç , Ilia Kuznetsov , Yufang Hou , Iryna Gurevych

Large pre-trained language models (LMs) have been shown to perform surprisingly well when fine-tuned on tasks that require commonsense and world knowledge. However, in end-to-end architectures, it is difficult to explain what is the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Veronica Latcinnik , Jonathan Berant

Question Generation (QG) is a task of Natural Language Processing (NLP) that aims at automatically generating questions from text. Many applications can benefit from automatically generated questions, but often it is necessary to curate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Hugo Rodrigues , Eric Nyberg , Luisa Coheur

While Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve near-human performance on standard benchmarks, their capabilities often fail to generalize to complex, real-world problems. To bridge this gap, we introduce DeepQuestion, a scalable, automated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Ali Khoramfar , Ali Ramezani , Mohammad Mahdi Mohajeri , Mohammad Javad Dousti , Majid Nili Ahmadabadi , Heshaam Faili

Large Language Models have demonstrated exceptional proficiency on coding tasks, but it is challenging to precisely evaluate their code reasoning ability. Existing benchmarks are insufficient as they are unrealistic and conflate semantic…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Elizabeth Dinella , Satish Chandra , Petros Maniatis

Safe deployment of large language models (LLMs) may benefit from a reliable method for assessing their generated content to determine when to abstain or to selectively generate. While likelihood-based metrics such as perplexity are widely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Jie Ren , Yao Zhao , Tu Vu , Peter J. Liu , Balaji Lakshminarayanan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in mathematical problem-solving. However, the transition from providing answers to generating high-quality educational questions presents significant challenges that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Chengliang Zhou , Mei Wang , Ting Zhang , Qiannan Zhu , Jian Li , Hua Huang

Hypothesis generation is a fundamental step in scientific discovery, yet it is increasingly challenged by information overload and disciplinary fragmentation. Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have sparked growing interest in…

In the realm of education, student evaluation holds equal significance to imparting knowledge. To be evaluated, students usually need to go through text-based academic assessment methods. Instructors need to make a diverse set of questions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Md. Alvee Ehsan , A. S. M Mehedi Hasan , Kefaya Benta Shahnoor , Syeda Sumaiya Tasneem

For researchers leveraging Large-Language Models (LLMs) in the generation of training datasets, especially for conversational recommender systems - the absence of robust evaluation frameworks has been a long-standing problem. The efficiency…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-19 Harsh Lara , Manoj Tiwari

Automated testing tools typically create test cases that are different from what human testers create. This often makes the tools less effective, the created tests harder to understand, and thus results in tools providing less support to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Eduard Enoiu , Robert Feldt