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The multi-messenger observation of GW170817 enabled the first historic measurement of the Hubble constant via a standard siren, so-called in analogy to standard candles that enabled the measurement of the luminosity distance versus redshift…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-04-29 Josiel Mendonça , Riccardo Sturani

During the next decade, gravitational waves will be observed from hundreds of binary inspiral events. When the redshifts of the host galaxies are known, these events can be used as `standard sirens', sensitive to the expansion rate of the…

The current and next observation seasons will detect hundreds of gravitational waves (GWs) from compact binary systems coalescence at cosmological distances. When combined with independent electromagnetic measurements, the source redshift…

A new measurement of the Hubble constant $H_0$ is presented using the statistical dark siren method applied to a sample of seven well-localized gravitational-wave (GW) events from the fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) observing run and ten…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-23 V. Alfradique , C. R. Bom , G. Teixeira , A. Santos

Gravitational wave signal from the inspiral of stellar-mass binary black hole can be used as standard sirens to perform cosmological inference. This inspiral covers a wide range of frequency bands, from the millihertz band to the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-02-01 Liang-Gui Zhu , Ling-Hua Xie , Yi-Ming Hu , Shuai Liu , En-Kun Li , Nicola R. Napolitano , Bai-Tian Tang , Jian-dong Zhang , Jianwei Mei

Gravitational waves (GWs) with electromagnetic counterparts (EMc) offer a novel approach to measure the Hubble constant ($H_0$), known as bright sirens, enabling $H_0$ measurements by combining GW-derived distances with EM-derived…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-08 Yejing Zhan , David Izquierdo-Villalba , Xiao Guo , Qing Yang , Daniele Spinoso , Fa-Yin Wang

Gravitational wave (GW) signals from compact binary coalescences can be used as standard sirens to constrain cosmological parameters if their redshift can be measured independently. However, mergers of stellar binary black holes (BBHs) may…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-02-01 Ju Chen , Changshuo Yan , Youjun Lu , Yuetong Zhao , Junqiang Ge

Gravitational wave standard sirens offer a promising avenue for cosmological inference, particularly in measuring the expansion history of the universe. Traditionally, bright sirens require an electromagnetic counterpart to determine the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-05 Ignacio Magaña Hernandez , Antonella Palmese

Gravitational wave sources act as absolute distance indicators, making them powerful probes of the present-day expansion rate of the Universe, $H_0$. The cross-correlation method combines gravitational wave events with galaxy catalogues to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-11 Madeline L. Cross-Parkin , Cullan Howlett , Leonardo Giani , Chris Blake , Tamara M. Davis

Observations of gravitational waves (GWs) from dark sirens allow us to infer their locations and distances. Galaxies, on the other hand, have precise angular positions but no direct measurement of their distances -- only redshifts. The…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-18 João Ferri , Ian L. Tashiro , L. Raul Abramo , Isabela Matos , Miguel Quartin , Riccardo Sturani

Gravitational waves from inspiraling compact binaries are known to be an excellent absolute distance indicator, yet it is unclear whether electromagnetic counterparts of these events are securely identified for measuring their redshifts,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-04-20 Masamune Oguri

Precise measurement of the Hubble parameter will enable stringent tests of the standard model for cosmology. Standard sirens, using the luminosity distances measured by gravitational-wave observations of compact binary mergers, are expected…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-06 Alberto Salvarese , Hsin-Yu Chen , Alberto Mangiagli , Nicola Tamanini

Gravitational waves (GWs) from compact binary coalescences have matured into a robust cosmological probe, providing self-calibrated luminosity distance measurements independent of any cosmic distance ladder, hence the term "standard…

Gravitational waves (GW) can be employed as standard sirens that will soon measure the Hubble constant with sufficient precision to weigh in on the $\sim 5\sigma$ Hubble tension. Most GW sources will have no identified electromagnetic…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-16 Emery Trott , Dragan Huterer

Third-generation (3G) gravitational wave detectors, in particular Einstein Telescope (ET) and Cosmic Explorer (CE), will explore unprecedented cosmic volumes in search for compact binary mergers, providing us with tens of thousands of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-09-06 Niccolò Muttoni , Danny Laghi , Nicola Tamanini , Sylvain Marsat , David Izquierdo-Villalba

Gravitational wave standard sirens typically require electromagnetic (EM) data to obtain redshift information to constrain cosmology. Difficult to find EM counterparts for bright sirens and galaxy survey systematics for dark sirens make…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-23 Ignacio Magaña Hernandez , Anarya Ray

Advancements in cosmology through next-generation ground-based gravitational wave observatories will bring in a paradigm shift. We explore the pivotal role that gravitational-wave standard sirens will play in inferring cosmological…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-07-17 Hsin-Yu Chen , Jose María Ezquiaga , Ish Gupta

Gravitational waves observation with electromagnetic counterparts provides an approach to measure the Hubble constant which is also known as the bright siren method. Great hope has been put into this method to arbitrate the Hubble tension.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-02-21 Y. F. Du , S. X. Yi , S. N. Zhang , Shu Zhang

Gravitational wave (GW) sources are an excellent probe of the luminosity distance and offer a novel measure of the Hubble constant, $H_0$. This estimation of $H_0$ from standard sirens requires an accurate estimation of the cosmological…

Lack of knowledge about the background expansion history of the Universe from independent observations makes it problematic to obtain a precise and accurate estimation of the Hubble constant $H_0$ from gravitational wave standard sirens,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-03-18 Arman Shafieloo , Ryan E. Keeley , Eric V. Linder