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In this paper, we propose a unifying message-passing framework for training spiking neural networks (SNNs) using Expectation-Propagation. Our gradient-free method is capable of learning the marginal distributions of network parameters and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Dan Yao , Steve McLaughlin , Yoann Altmann

Although spiking neural networks (SNNs) take benefits from the bio-plausible neural modeling, the low accuracy under the common local synaptic plasticity learning rules limits their application in many practical tasks. Recently, an emerging…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Ling Liang , Zheng Qu , Zhaodong Chen , Fengbin Tu , Yujie Wu , Lei Deng , Guoqi Li , Peng Li , Yuan Xie

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), recognized as the third generation of neural networks, are known for their bio-plausibility and energy efficiency, especially when implemented on neuromorphic hardware. However, the majority of existing…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Yi Jiang , Sen Lu , Abhronil Sengupta

Deep spiking neural networks (SNNs) have emerged as a potential alternative to traditional deep learning frameworks, due to their promise to provide increased compute efficiency on event-driven neuromorphic hardware. However, to perform…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Souvik Kundu , Gourav Datta , Massoud Pedram , Peter A. Beerel

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are promising brain-inspired energy-efficient models. Recent progress in training methods has enabled successful deep SNNs on large-scale tasks with low latency. Particularly, backpropagation through time…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-01-03 Mingqing Xiao , Qingyan Meng , Zongpeng Zhang , Di He , Zhouchen Lin

As the size of large language models continue to scale, so does the computational resources required to run it. Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have emerged as an energy-efficient approach to deep learning that leverage sparse and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Rui-Jie Zhu , Qihang Zhao , Guoqi Li , Jason K. Eshraghian

Automotive embedded algorithms have very high constraints in terms of latency, accuracy and power consumption. In this work, we propose to train spiking neural networks (SNNs) directly on data coming from event cameras to design fast and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Loïc Cordone , Benoît Miramond , Philippe Thierion

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are a promising research direction for building power-efficient information processing systems, especially for temporal tasks such as speech recognition. In SNNs, delays refer to the time needed for one spike…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Ilyass Hammouamri , Ismail Khalfaoui-Hassani , Timothée Masquelier

Recent advances in Voice Activity Detection (VAD) are driven by artificial and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), however, using a VAD system in battery-operated devices requires further power efficiency. This can be achieved by neuromorphic…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-01 Flavio Martinelli , Giorgia Dellaferrera , Pablo Mainar , Milos Cernak

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have two key deficiencies, their dependence on high precision computing and their inability to perform sequential learning, that is, when a DNN is trained on a first task and the same DNN is trained on the next…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Ruthvik Vaila , John Chiasson , Vishal Saxena

A semi-supervised learning method for spiking neural networks is proposed. The proposed method consists of supervised learning by backpropagation and subsequent unsupervised learning by spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), which is a…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Kotaro Furuya , Jun Ohkubo

The surge in interest in Artificial Intelligence (AI) over the past decade has been driven almost exclusively by advances in Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). While ANNs set state-of-the-art performance for many previously intractable…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Peter G. Stratton , Andrew Wabnitz , Chip Essam , Allen Cheung , Tara J. Hamilton

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer low-latency and energy-efficient decision making on neuromorphic hardware, making them attractive for Reinforcement Learning (RL) in resource-constrained edge devices. However, most RL algorithms for…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zijie Xu , Tong Bu , Zecheng Hao , Jianhao Ding , Zhaofei Yu

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer a biologically plausible framework for energy-efficient neuromorphic computing. However, it is a challenge to train SNNs due to their non-differentiability, efficiently. Existing gradient approximation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Changqing Xu , Ziqiang Yang , Yi Liu , Xinfang Liao , Guiqi Mo , Hao Zeng , Yintang Yang

This study introduces a novel supervised learning approach for spiking neural networks that does not rely on traditional backpropagation. Instead, it employs spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) within a supervised framework for image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Wei Xie

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) that enables energy efficient implementation on emerging neuromorphic hardware are gaining more attention. Yet now, SNNs have not shown competitive performance compared with artificial neural networks (ANNs),…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-11-26 Yujie Wu , Lei Deng , Guoqi Li , Jun Zhu , Luping Shi

Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) have gained significant popularity thanks to their ability to learn using the well-known backpropagation algorithm. Conversely, Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), despite having broader capabilities than ANNs,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Sergio Davies , Andrew Gait , Andrew Rowley , Alessandro Di Nuovo

Machine learning with artificial neural networks (ANNs), provides solutions for the growing complexity of modern communication systems. This complexity, however, increases power consumption, making the systems energy-intensive. Spiking…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-26 Eike-Manuel Edelmann

While Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have been gaining in popularity, it seems that the algorithms used to train them are not powerful enough to solve the same tasks as those tackled by classical Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). In this…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Karen Adam

Spiking neural networks are nature's versatile solution to fault-tolerant and energy efficient signal processing. To translate these benefits into hardware, a growing number of neuromorphic spiking neural network processors attempt to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-05-06 Emre O. Neftci , Hesham Mostafa , Friedemann Zenke