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As spiking neural networks (SNNs) are deployed increasingly in real-world efficiency critical applications, the security concerns in SNNs attract more attention. Currently, researchers have already demonstrated an SNN can be attacked with…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Ling Liang , Kaidi Xu , Xing Hu , Lei Deng , Yuan Xie

Recently, spiking neural networks (SNNs) have demonstrated substantial potential in computer vision tasks. In this paper, we present an Efficient Spiking Deraining Network, called ESDNet. Our work is motivated by the observation that rain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Tianyu Song , Guiyue Jin , Pengpeng Li , Kui Jiang , Xiang Chen , Jiyu Jin

In the recent quest for trustworthy neural networks, we present Spiking Neural Network (SNN) as a potential candidate for inherent robustness against adversarial attacks. In this work, we demonstrate that adversarial accuracy of SNNs under…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-27 Saima Sharmin , Nitin Rathi , Priyadarshini Panda , Kaushik Roy

Spiking neural network (SNN) is interesting due to its strong bio-plausibility and high energy efficiency. However, its performance is falling far behind conventional deep neural networks (DNNs). In this paper, considering a general class…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Shibo Zhou , Xiaohua Li

We propose a novel backpropagation algorithm for training spiking neural networks (SNNs) that encodes information in the relative multiple spike timing of individual neurons without single-spike restrictions. The proposed algorithm inherits…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Kakei Yamamoto , Yusuke Sakemi , Kazuyuki Aihara

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) transmit information through discrete spikes, which performs well in processing spatial-temporal information. Due to the non-differentiable characteristic, there still exist difficulties in designing…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-05-28 Dongcheng Zhao , Yi Zeng , Yang Li

Compared with artificial neural networks (ANNs), spiking neural networks (SNNs) are promising to explore the brain-like behaviors since the spikes could encode more spatio-temporal information. Although pre-training from ANN or direct…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-09-18 Yujie Wu , Lei Deng , Guoqi Li , Jun Zhu , Luping Shi

There is an increasing interest in emulating Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) on neuromorphic computing devices due to their low energy consumption. Recent advances have allowed training SNNs to a point where they start to compete with…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-01-14 Nicolas Perez-Nieves , Dan F. M. Goodman

Spiking Neural Networks (SNN) are quickly gaining traction as a viable alternative to Deep Neural Networks (DNN). In comparison to DNNs, SNNs are more computationally powerful and provide superior energy efficiency. SNNs, while exciting at…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Karthikeyan Nagarajan , Junde Li , Sina Sayyah Ensan , Mohammad Nasim Imtiaz Khan , Sachhidh Kannan , Swaroop Ghosh

Deep learning is widely applied to modern problems through neural networks, but the growing computational and energy demands of these models have driven interest in more efficient approaches. Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), the third…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Mahitha Pulivathi , Ana Fontes Rodrigues , Isibor Kennedy Ihianle , Andreas Oikonomou , Srinivas Boppu , Pedro Machado

Biologically-inspired Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), processing information using discrete-time events known as spikes rather than continuous values, have garnered significant attention due to their hardware-friendly and energy-efficient…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Bin Lei , Sheng Lin , Pei-Hung Lin , Chunhua Liao , Caiwen Ding

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are energy-efficient counterparts of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) with high biological plausibility, as information is transmitted through temporal spiking patterns. The core element of an SNN is the spiking…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Abdullah Arafat Miah , Kevin Vu , Yu Bi

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have emerged with promising energy-efficient property, yet a substantial performance gap persists compared to Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). This gap stems from at least two key limitations: first,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Feifan Zhou , Xiang Wei , Yang Liu , Qiang Yu

In recent years, deep learning has been a revolution in the field of machine learning, for computer vision in particular. In this approach, a deep (multilayer) artificial neural network (ANN) is trained in a supervised manner using…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Amirhossein Tavanaei , Masoud Ghodrati , Saeed Reza Kheradpisheh , Timothee Masquelier , Anthony S. Maida

The Spiking Neural Network (SNN) is a biologically inspired neural network infrastructure that has recently garnered significant attention. It utilizes binary spike activations to transmit information, thereby replacing multiplications with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Yufei Guo , Yuanpei Chen , Zecheng Hao , Weihang Peng , Zhou Jie , Yuhan Zhang , Xiaode Liu , Zhe Ma

Deep Learning (DL) algorithms have gained popularity owing to their practical problem-solving capacity. However, they suffer from a serious integrity threat, i.e., their vulnerability to adversarial attacks. In the quest for DL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-11 Rida El-Allami , Alberto Marchisio , Muhammad Shafique , Ihsen Alouani

Computation using brain-inspired spiking neural networks (SNNs) with neuromorphic hardware may offer orders of magnitude higher energy efficiency compared to the current analog neural networks (ANNs). Unfortunately, training SNNs with the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Eimantas Ledinauskas , Julius Ruseckas , Alfonsas Juršėnas , Giedrius Buračas

Recent insights have revealed that rate-coding is a primary form of information representation captured by surrogate-gradient-based Backpropagation Through Time (BPTT) in training deep Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs). Motivated by these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Chengting Yu , Lei Liu , Gaoang Wang , Erping Li , Aili Wang

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), the third generation neural networks, are known for their low energy consumption and high robustness. SNNs are developing rapidly and can compete with Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in many fields. To…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Lingxin Jin , Meiyu Lin , Wei Jiang , Jinyu Zhan

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have emerged as a hardware efficient architecture for classification tasks. The challenge of spike-based encoding has been the lack of a universal training mechanism performed entirely using spikes. There have…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Anmol Biswas , Vivek Saraswat , Udayan Ganguly