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Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a powerful technique that enhances downstream task execution by retrieving additional information, such as knowledge, skills, and tools from external sources. Graph, by its intrinsic "nodes connected…

Real-world scenarios demand reasoning about process, more than final outcome prediction, to discover latent causal chains and better understand complex systems. It requires the learning algorithms to offer both accurate predictions and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-01-09 Xiaoran Xu , Songpeng Zu , Chengliang Gao , Yuan Zhang , Wei Feng

Retrieval-Augmented Generation enhances language models by retrieving external knowledge to support informed and grounded responses. However, traditional RAG methods rely on fragment-level retrieval, limiting their ability to address…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Wenbiao Tao , Xinyuan Li , Yunshi Lan , Weining Qian

The use of knowledge graphs for grounding agents in real-world Q&A applications has become increasingly common. Answering complex queries often requires multi-hop reasoning and the ability to navigate vast relational structures. Standard…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Taraneh Ghandi , Hamidreza Mahyar , Shachar Klaiman

Graphs can represent relational information among entities and graph structures are widely used in many intelligent tasks such as search, recommendation, and question answering. However, most of the graph-structured data in practice suffers…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Hanxiong Chen , Yunqi Li , Shaoyun Shi , Shuchang Liu , He Zhu , Yongfeng Zhang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has proven effective in integrating knowledge into large language models (LLMs). However, conventional RAGs struggle to capture complex relationships between pieces of knowledge, limiting their…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Linhao Luo , Zicheng Zhao , Gholamreza Haffari , Dinh Phung , Chen Gong , Shirui Pan

Current general-purpose large language models (LLMs) commonly exhibit knowledge hallucination and insufficient domain-specific adaptability in domain-specific tasks, limiting their effectiveness in specialized question answering scenarios.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Mengzheng Yang , Yanfei Ren , David Osei Opoku , Ruochang Li , Peng Ren , Chunxiao Xing

In knowledge graph completion (KGC), predicting triples involving emerging entities and/or relations, which are unseen when the KG embeddings are learned, has become a critical challenge. Subgraph reasoning with message passing is a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Yuxia Geng , Jiaoyan Chen , Jeff Z. Pan , Mingyang Chen , Song Jiang , Wen Zhang , Huajun Chen

Inspired by the success of large language models, there is a trend toward developing graph foundation models to conduct diverse downstream tasks in various domains. However, current models often require extra fine-tuning to apply their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Kai Wang , Siqiang Luo , Caihua Shan , Yifei Shen

Link prediction (inferring missing or future connections between nodes in a graph) is a fundamental problem in network science with widespread applications in, e.g., biological systems, recommender systems, finance and cybersecurity. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Riccardo Porcedda , Francesca Chiaromonte , Fabrizio Lillo , Andrea Vandin

Current methods for embedding-based query answering over incomplete Knowledge Graphs (KGs) only focus on inductive reasoning, i.e., predicting answers by learning patterns from the data, and lack the complementary ability to do deductive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Medina Andresel , Trung-Kien Tran , Csaba Domokos , Pasquale Minervini , Daria Stepanova

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success across a wide range of tasks; however, they still encounter challenges in reasoning tasks that require understanding and inferring relationships between distinct pieces of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Haoyu Han , Yaochen Xie , Hui Liu , Xianfeng Tang , Sreyashi Nag , William Headden , Hui Liu , Yang Li , Chen Luo , Shuiwang Ji , Qi He , Jiliang Tang

We present a family of novel methods for embedding knowledge graphs into real-valued tensors. These tensor-based embeddings capture the ordered relations that are typical in the knowledge graphs represented by semantic web languages like…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-25 Ankur Padia , Kostantinos Kalpakis , Francis Ferraro , Tim Finin

In this work, we aim at equipping pre-trained language models with structured knowledge. We present two self-supervised tasks learning over raw text with the guidance from knowledge graphs. Building upon entity-level masked language models,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-30 Tao Shen , Yi Mao , Pengcheng He , Guodong Long , Adam Trischler , Weizhu Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong inductive reasoning ability across various domains, but their reliability is hindered by the outdated knowledge and hallucinations. Retrieval-Augmented Generation mitigates these issues by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Tianjun Yao , Haoxuan Li , Zhiqiang Shen , Pan Li , Tongliang Liu , Kun Zhang

Reasoning over knowledge graphs (KGs) is a challenging task that requires a deep understanding of the complex relationships between entities and the underlying logic of their relations. Current approaches rely on learning geometries to…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Nurendra Choudhary , Chandan K. Reddy

Graph retrieval-augmented generation (GraphRAG) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for enhancing large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge. It leverages graphs to model the hierarchical structure between specific concepts,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Zhishang Xiang , Chuanjie Wu , Qinggang Zhang , Shengyuan Chen , Zijin Hong , Xiao Huang , Jinsong Su

Graph Representation Learning (GRL) is an influential methodology, enabling a more profound understanding of graph-structured data and aiding graph clustering, a critical task across various domains. The recent incursion of attention…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Shuo Han , Jiacheng Liu , Jiayun Wu , Yinan Chen , Li Tao

Relational representation learning has lately received an increase in interest due to its flexibility in modeling a variety of systems like interacting particles, materials and industrial projects for, e.g., the design of spacecraft. A…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Dominik Dold

Deductive and abductive reasoning are two critical paradigms for analyzing knowledge graphs, enabling applications from financial query answering to scientific discovery. Deductive reasoning on knowledge graphs usually involves retrieving…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Yisen Gao , Jiaxin Bai , Yi Huang , Xingcheng Fu , Qingyun Sun , Yangqiu Song