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Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) is a simple and efficient framework that has attracted substantial attention. However, it often struggles to meet its primary objectives -- increasing the generation probability of chosen responses while…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Jay Hyeon Cho , JunHyeok Oh , Myunsoo Kim , Byung-Jun Lee

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) effectively scales LLM reasoning but incurs prohibitive computational costs due to its extensive group-based sampling requirement. While recent selective data utilization methods can mitigate this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Haodong Zhu , Yangyang Ren , Yanjing Li , Mingbao Lin , Linlin Yang , Xuhui Liu , Xiantong Zhen , Haiguang Liu , Baochang Zhang

Generative multimodal content is increasingly prevalent in much of the content creation arena, as it has the potential to allow artists and media personnel to create pre-production mockups by quickly bringing their ideas to life. The…

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has emerged as a lightweight and effective alternative to Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) and Reinforcement Learning with AI Feedback (RLAIF) for aligning large language and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Zihui Zhao , Zechang Li

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) is a widely used reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) method across various domains. Recent research has increasingly focused on the role of token importance in improving DPO effectiveness.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Jian Li , Shenglin Yin , Yujia Zhang , Alan Zhao , Xi Chen , Xiaohui Zhou , Pengfei Xu

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) is a widely used RL-free method for aligning language models from pairwise preferences, but it models preferences over full sequences even though generation is driven by per-token decisions. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Truong Nguyen , Tien-Phat Nguyen , Linh Ngo Van , Duy Minh Ho Nguyen , Khoa D. Doan , Trung Le

Generative AI can now synthesize strikingly realistic images from text, yet output quality remains highly sensitive to how prompts are phrased. Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) offers a lightweight, off-policy alternative to RL for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Anas Mohamed , Azal Ahmad Khan , Xinran Wang , Ahmad Faraz Khan , Shuwen Ge , Saman Bahzad Khan , Ayaan Ahmad , Ali Anwar

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has gained attention as an efficient alternative to reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. Despite its advantages, DPO suffers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Ruichen Shao , Bei Li , Gangao Liu , Yang Chen , Xiang Zhou , Jingang Wang , Xunliang Cai , Peng Li

Multi-label classification (MLC) often suffers from performance disparities across labels. We propose \textbf{FairPO}, a framework combining preference-based loss and group-robust optimization to improve fairness by targeting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Soumen Kumar Mondal , Prateek Chanda , Akshit Varmora , Ganesh Ramakrishnan

Integrating human feedback to align text-to-speech (TTS) system outputs with human preferences has proven to be an effective approach for enhancing the robustness of language model-based TTS systems. Current approaches primarily focus on…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-29 Jixun Yao , Yuguang Yang , Yu Pan , Yuan Feng , Ziqian Ning , Jianhao Ye , Hongbin Zhou , Lei Xie

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) plays a crucial role in aligning language models with human preferences. While the significance of dataset quality is generally recognized, explicit investigations into its impact within the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Tetsuro Morimura , Mitsuki Sakamoto , Yuu Jinnai , Kenshi Abe , Kaito Ariu

Aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences is crucial for safe and effective AI interactions. While popular methods like Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) have simplified alignment, they remain sensitive to data noise…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Ning Yang , Hai Lin , Yibo Liu , Baoliang Tian , Guoqing Liu , Haijun Zhang

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has emerged as a stable, scalable, and efficient solution for language model alignment. Despite its empirical success, the optimization properties, particularly the impact of samplers on its convergence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Ruizhe Shi , Runlong Zhou , Simon S. Du

Preference optimization (PO) is indispensable for large language models (LLMs), with methods such as direct preference optimization (DPO) and proximal policy optimization (PPO) achieving great success. A common belief is that DPO is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Yue Wang , Qizhou Wang , Zizhuo Zhang , Gang Niu , Bo Han , Masashi Sugiyama

Diffusion language models (DLMs) enable parallel, order-agnostic generation with iterative refinement, offering a flexible alternative to autoregressive large language models (LLMs). However, adapting reinforcement learning (RL) fine-tuning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Kevin Rojas , Jiahe Lin , Kashif Rasul , Anderson Schneider , Yuriy Nevmyvaka , Molei Tao , Wei Deng

Autoregressive diffusion models (ARDMs) have recently been applied to speech generation, achieving state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance in zero-shot text-to-speech. By autoregressively generating continuous speech tokens with next-token…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-24 Zhijun Liu , Dongya Jia , Xiaoqiang Wang , Chenpeng Du , Shuai Wang , Zhuo Chen , Haizhou Li

As Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities learned from vast corpora, concerns regarding data privacy and safety are receiving increasing attention. LLM unlearning, which aims to remove the influence of specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Kai Qin , Jiaqi Wu , Jianxiang He , Haoyuan Sun , Yifei Zhao , Bin Liang , Yongzhe Chang , Tiantian Zhang , Houde Liu

The class of direct preference optimization (DPO) algorithms has emerged as a promising approach for solving the alignment problem in foundation models. These algorithms work with very limited feedback in the form of pairwise preferences…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Luca Viano , Ruida Zhou , Yifan Sun , Mahdi Namazifar , Volkan Cevher , Shoham Sabach , Mohammad Ghavamzadeh

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has become a standard paradigm for post-training large language models. While Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) is widely adopted, its coarse credit assignment uniformly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Gengsheng Li , Tianyu Yang , Junfeng Fang , Mingyang Song , Mao Zheng , Haiyun Guo , Dan Zhang , Jinqiao Wang , Tat-Seng Chua

Diffusion models have achieved promising results for Structure-Based Drug Design (SBDD). Nevertheless, high-quality protein subpocket and ligand data are relatively scarce, which hinders the models' generation capabilities. Recently, Direct…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-11 Xiwei Cheng , Xiangxin Zhou , Yuwei Yang , Yu Bao , Quanquan Gu