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Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated that progressive refinement, rather than providing a single answer, results in more accurate and thoughtful outputs. However, existing methods often rely heavily on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Chengyu Du , Jinyi Han , Yizhou Ying , Aili Chen , Qianyu He , Haokun Zhao , Sirui Xia , Haoran Guo , Jiaqing Liang , Zulong Chen , Liangyue Li , Yanghua Xiao

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit robust problem-solving capabilities for diverse tasks. However, most LLM-based agents are designed as specific task solvers with sophisticated prompt engineering, rather than agents capable of learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Wenqi Zhang , Ke Tang , Hai Wu , Mengna Wang , Yongliang Shen , Guiyang Hou , Zeqi Tan , Peng Li , Yueting Zhuang , Weiming Lu

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as agents, their integration into interactive environments and tool use introduce new safety challenges beyond those associated with the models themselves. However, the absence of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Zhexin Zhang , Shiyao Cui , Yida Lu , Jingzhuo Zhou , Junxiao Yang , Hongning Wang , Minlie Huang

Generative AI systems are increasingly assisting and acting on behalf of end users in practical settings, from digital shopping assistants to next-generation autonomous cars. In this context, safety is no longer about blocking harmful…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Ravi Pandya , Madison Bland , Duy P. Nguyen , Changliu Liu , Jaime Fernández Fisac , Andrea Bajcsy

Real-time sequential control agents are often bottlenecked by inference latency. Even modest per-step planning delays can destabilize control and degrade overall performance. We propose a speculation-and-correction framework that adapts the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Ziyang Lin , Zixuan Sun , Sanhorn Chen , Xiaoyang Chen , Roy Zhao

Human social interactions depend on the ability to infer others' unspoken intentions, emotions, and beliefs-a cognitive skill grounded in the psychological concept of Theory of Mind (ToM). While large language models (LLMs) excel in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Xuanming Zhang , Yuxuan Chen , Samuel Yeh , Sharon Li

Recent advances in multimodal agents have improved computer-use interaction and tool-usage, yet most existing systems remain reactive, optimizing actions in isolation without reasoning about future states or long-term goals. This limits…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Yongyuan Liang , Shijie Zhou , Yu Gu , Hao Tan , Gang Wu , Franck Dernoncourt , Jihyung Kil , Ryan A. Rossi , Ruiyi Zhang

Credible safety plans for advanced AI development require methods to verify agent behavior and detect potential control deficiencies early. A fundamental aspect is ensuring agents adhere to safety-critical principles, especially when these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Ram Potham

We stress-tested 16 leading models from multiple developers in hypothetical corporate environments to identify potentially risky agentic behaviors before they cause real harm. In the scenarios, we allowed models to autonomously send emails…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Aengus Lynch , Benjamin Wright , Caleb Larson , Stuart J. Ritchie , Soren Mindermann , Evan Hubinger , Ethan Perez , Kevin Troy

Recent work in AI safety has highlighted that in sequential decision making, objectives are often underspecified or incomplete. This gives discretion to the acting agent to realize the stated objective in ways that may result in undesirable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Parand Alizadeh Alamdari , Toryn Q. Klassen , Rodrigo Toro Icarte , Sheila A. McIlraith

Achieving robust safety alignment in large language models (LLMs) while preserving their utility remains a fundamental challenge. Existing approaches often struggle to balance comprehensive safety with fine-grained controllability at the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Huizhen Shu , Xuying Li , Zhuo Li

Large foundation models are integrated into Computer Use Agents (CUAs), enabling autonomous interaction with operating systems through graphical user interfaces (GUIs) to perform complex tasks. This autonomy introduces serious security…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Wenqi Zhang , Yulin Shen , Changyue Jiang , Jiarun Dai , Geng Hong , Xudong Pan

Human motion generation driven by deep generative models has enabled compelling applications, but the ability of text-to-motion (T2M) models to produce realistic motions from text prompts raises security concerns if exploited maliciously.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Honglei Miao , Fan Ma , Ruijie Quan , Kun Zhan , Yi Yang

As LLMs gain stronger reasoning capabilities, their extended chain-of-thought introduces new degrees of complexity for defending against adversarial jailbreaks and prompt injection. We study consistency training, a family of fine-tuning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Avidan Shah , Jannik Brinkmann , Rico Angell

The emergence of large language models (LLMs) enables the development of intelligent agents capable of engaging in complex and multi-turn dialogues. However, multi-agent collaboration faces critical safety challenges, such as hallucination…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Jialong Zhou , Lichao Wang , Xiao Yang

Recent work has highlighted the importance of monitoring chain-of-thought reasoning for AI safety; however, current approaches that analyze textual reasoning steps can miss subtle harmful patterns and may be circumvented by models that hide…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Antonio-Gabriel Chacón Menke , Phan Xuan Tan , Eiji Kamioka

Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents are increasingly deployed in real-world applications such as "digital assistants, autonomous customer service, and decision-support systems", where their ability to "interact in multi-turn,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Xueyang Zhou , Weidong Wang , Lin Lu , Jiawen Shi , Guiyao Tie , Yongtian Xu , Lixing Chen , Pan Zhou , Neil Zhenqiang Gong , Lichao Sun

Human-level driving is an ultimate goal of autonomous driving. Conventional approaches formulate autonomous driving as a perception-prediction-planning framework, yet their systems do not capitalize on the inherent reasoning ability and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Jiageng Mao , Junjie Ye , Yuxi Qian , Marco Pavone , Yue Wang

As large language models increasingly deployed into agentic systems, existing methods face critical gaps in observing, assessing, and mitigating deployment-specific risks. We present a comprehensive, observability-driven workflow: we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Ilham Wicaksono , Zekun Wu , Rahul Patel , Theo King , Adriano Koshiyama , Philip Treleaven

Effective modeling of how human travelers learn and adjust their travel behavior from interacting with transportation systems is critical for system assessment and planning. However, this task is also difficult due to the complex cognition…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Tianming Liu , Jirong Yang , Yafeng Yin , Manzi Li , Linghao Wang , Zheng Zhu