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The Einstein Telescope (ET), a proposed European ground-based gravitational-wave detector of third-generation, is an evolution of second-generation detectors such as Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo, and KAGRA which could be operating in the…

Gravitational Waves (GWs) provide a unique way to explore our Universe. The ongoing ground-based detectors, e.g., LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA, and the upcoming next-generation detectors, e.g., Cosmic Explorer and Einstein Telescope, as well as…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-02 Zhenwei Li , Xuefei Chen

Einstein Telescope (ET) is conceived to be a third generation gravitational-wave observatory. Its amplitude sensitivity would be a factor ten better than advanced LIGO and Virgo and it could also extend the low-frequency sensitivity down to…

The second-generation interferometric gravitational wave detectors currently under construction are expected to make their first detections within this decade. This will firmly establish gravitational wave physics as an empirical science…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-15 Chris Van Den Broeck

Gravitational-wave (GW) astrophysics is a rapidly expanding field, with plans to enhance the global ground-based observatory network through the addition of larger, more sensitive observatories: Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer. These…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-03 Sarah E. Gossan , Evan D. Hall , Samaya M. Nissanke

Einstein Telescope (ET) is the European project for a gravitational-wave (GW) observatory of third-generation. In this paper we present a comprehensive discussion of its science objectives, providing state-of-the-art predictions for the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-15 Adrian Abac , Raul Abramo , Simone Albanesi , Angelica Albertini , Alessandro Agapito , Michalis Agathos , Conrado Albertus , Nils Andersson , Tomas Andrade , Igor Andreoni , Federico Angeloni , Marco Antonelli , John Antoniadis , Fabio Antonini , Manuel Arca Sedda , M. Celeste Artale , Stefano Ascenzi , Pierre Auclair , Matteo Bachetti , Charles Badger , Biswajit Banerjee , David Barba-Gonzalez , Daniel Barta , Nicola Bartolo , Andreas Bauswein , Andrea Begnoni , Freija Beirnaert , Michal Bejger , Enis Belgacem , Nicola Bellomo , Laura Bernard , Maria Grazia Bernardini , Sebastiano Bernuzzi , Christopher P. L. Berry , Emanuele Berti , Gianfranco Bertone , Dario Bettoni , Miguel Bezares , Swetha Bhagwat , Sofia Bisero , Marie Anne Bizouard , Jose J. Blanco-Pillado , Simone Blasi , Alice Bonino , Alice Borghese , Ssohrab Borhanian , Elisa Bortolas , Maria Teresa Botticella , Marica Branchesi , Matteo Breschi , Richard Brito , Enzo Brocato , Floor S. Broekgaarden , Tomasz Bulik , Alessandra Buonanno , Fiorella Burgio , Adam Burrows , Gianluca Calcagni , Sofia Canevarolo , Enrico Cappellaro , Giulia Capurri , Carmelita Carbone , Roberto Casadio , Ramiro Cayuso , Pablo Cerda-Duran , Prasanta Char , Sylvain Chaty , Tommaso Chiarusi , Martyna Chruslinska , Francesco Cireddu , Philippa Cole , Alberto Colombo , Monica Colpi , Geoffrey Compere , Carlo Contaldi , Maxence Corman , Francesco Crescimbeni , Sergio Cristallo , Elena Cuoco , Giulia Cusin , Tito Dal Canton , Gergely Dalya , Paolo D'Avanzo , Nazanin Davari , Valerio De Luca , Viola De Renzis , Massimo Della Valle , Walter Del Pozzo , Federico De Santi , Alessio Ludovico De Santis , Tim Dietrich , Ema Dimastrogiovanni , Guillem Domenech , Daniela Doneva , Marco Drago , Ulyana Dupletsa , Hannah Duval , Irina Dvorkin , Nancy Elias-Rosa , Stephen Fairhurst , Anthea F. Fantina , Matteo Fasiello , Maxime Fays , Rob Fender , Tobias Fischer , Francois Foucart , Tassos Fragos , Stefano Foffa , Gabriele Franciolini , Jacopo Fumagalli , Jonathan Gair , Rossella Gamba , Juan Garcia-Bellido , Cecilio Garcia-Quiros , Laszlo Arpad Gergely , Giancarlo Ghirlanda , Archisman Ghosh , Bruno Giacomazzo , Fabian Gittins , Ines Francesca Giudice , Boris Goncharov , Alejandra Gonzalez , Stephane Goriely , Luca Graziani , Giuseppe Greco , Leonardo Gualtieri , Gianluca Maria Guidi , Ish Gupta , Maria Haney , Mark Hannam , Jan Harms , Arus Harutyunyan , Brynmor Haskell , Andreas Haungs , Nandini Hazra , Gary Hemming , Ik Siong Heng , Tanja Hinderer , Alexander van der Horst , Qian Hu , Sascha Husa , Francesco Iacovelli , Giulia Illuminati , Gianluca Inguglia , David Izquierdo Villalba , Justin Janquart , Kamiel Janssens , Alexander C. Jenkins , Ian Jones , Balazs Kacskovics , Ralf S. Klessen , Kostas Kokkotas , Hao-Jui Kuan , Sumit Kumar , Sachiko Kuroyanagi , Danny Laghi , Astrid Lamberts , Gaetano Lambiase , Francois Larrouturou , Paola Leaci , Michele Lenzi , Andrew Levan , T. G. F. Li , Yufeng Li , Dicong Liang , Marco Limongi , Boyuan Liu , Felipe J. Llanes-Estrada , Eleonora Loffredo , Oliver Long , Eva Lope-Oter , Georgios Lukes-Gerakopoulos , Elisa Maggio , Michele Maggiore , Michele Mancarella , Michela Mapelli , Pablo Marchant , Annarita Margiotta , Alberto Mariotti , Alisha Marriott-Best , Sylvain Marsat , Gabriel Martinez-Pinedo , Andrea Maselli , Simone Mastrogiovanni , Isabela Matos , Andrea Melandri , Raissa F. P. Mendes , Josiel Mendonca Soares de Souza , Giorgio Mentasti , Mar Mezcua , Philipp Mosta , Chiranjib Mondal , Michele Moresco , Tista Mukherjee , Niccolo Muttoni , Alessandro Nagar , Harsh Narola , Lara Nava , Pablo Navarro Moreno , Gijs Nelemans , Alex B. Nielsen , Samaya Nissanke , Martin Obergaulinger , Micaela Oertel , Gor Oganesyan , Francesca Onori , Costantino Pacilio , Giulia Pagliaroli , Cristiano Palomba , Peter T. H. Pang , Paolo Pani , Lucia Papalini , Barbara Patricelli , Alessandro Patruno , Alessandro Pedrotti , Albino Perego , Maria Angeles Perez-Garcia , Carole Perigois , Gabriele Perna , Celine Peroux , J. Perret , Delphine Perrodin , Alessandro Pesci , Harald P. Pfeiffer , Ornella Juliana Piccinni , Mauro Pieroni , Silvia Piranomonte , Lorenzo Pompili , E. K. Porter , Rafael A. Porto , Adam Pound , Jade Powell , Mathieu Puech , Geraint Pratten , Anna Puecher , Oriol Pujolas , Miguel Quartin , Adriana R. Raduta , Antoni Ramos-Buades , Aaron Rase , Massimiliano Razzano , Nanda Rea , Tania Regimbau , Arianna Renzini , Piero Rettegno , Angelo Ricciardone , Antonio Riotto , Alba Romero-Rodriguez , Samuele Ronchini , Dorota Rosinska , Andrea Rossi , Soumen Roy , Diego Rubiera-Garcia , J. Rubio , Pilar Ruiz-Lapuente , Violetta Sagun , Mairi Sakellariadou , Om Sharan Salafia , Anuradha Samajdar , Nicolas Sanchis-Gual , Andrea Sanna , Filippo Santoliquido , Bangalore Sathyaprakash , Patricia Schmidt , Stefano Schmidt , Fabian R. N. Schneider , Raffaella Schneider , Armen Sedrakian , Geraldine Servant , Alexander Sevrin , Lijing Shao , Hector O. Silva , Peera Simakachorn , Stephen Smartt , Thomas P. Sotiriou , Mario Spera , Antonio Stamerra , Daniele A. Steer , Jan Steinhoff , Nikolaos Stergioulas , Riccardo Sturani , Duvier Suarez , Jishnu Suresh , Shaun Swain , Matteo Tagliazucchi , Nicola Tamanini , Gianmassimo Tasinato , Thomas M. Tauris , Jacopo Tissino , Giovanni Maria Tomaselli , Silvia Toonen , Alejandro Torres-Forne , Cezary Turski , Cristiano Ugolini , Elias C. Vagenas , Lorenzo Valbusa Dall'Armi , Elena Valenti , Rosa Valiante , Chris Van Den Broeck , Maarten van de Meent , Lieke A. C. van Son , Miguel Vanvlasselaer , Massimo Vaglio , Vijay Varma , John Veitch , Ville Vaskonen , Susanna D. Vergani , Milan Wils , Helvi Witek , Isaac C. F. Wong , Stoytcho Yazadjiev , Garvin Yim , Fausto Acernese , Hojae Ahn , Annalisa Allocca , Alex Amato , Marc Andres-Carcasona , Guerino Avallone , Markus Bachlechner , Patrick Baer , Stefano Bagnasco , Gabriele Balbi , Fabrizio Barone , Eugenio Benedetti , Charlotte Benning , Simone Bini , Jose Luis Blazquez Salcedo , Valerio Bozza , Matteo Bruno , Timo Butz , Matteo Califano , Enrico Calloni , Giovanni Carapella , Alessandro Cardini , Shreevathsa Chalathadka Subrahmanya , Francesco Chiadini , Antonino Chiummo , Spina Cianetti , Giacomo Ciani , Eugenio Coccia , Andrea Contu , Robin Cornelissen , Andrea Cozzumbo , Lewis Croney , Mariateresa Crosta , Rocco D'Agostino , Stefan Danilishin , Sabrina D'Antonio , Jorden De Bolle , Jerome Degallaix , Mariafelicia De Laurentis , Riccardo della Monica , Francesco De Marco , Ivan de Martino , Rosario De Rosa , Riccardo De Salvo , Roberta De Simone , Christophe Detavernier , Giovanni Diaferia , Martina Di Cesare , Luciano Di Fiore , Matteo Di Giovanni , Sibilla Di Pace , Jennifer Docherty , Domenico D'Urso , Oussama El Mecherfi , Luciano Errico , Federica Fabrizi , Viviana Fafone , Viviana Fanti , Rosalba Fittipaldi , Vincenzo Fiumara , Andreas Freise , Stefan Funk , Mika Gaedtke , Fabio Garufi , Oliver Gerberding , Edoardo Giangrandi , Carlo Giunchi , Victoria Graham , Massimo Granata , Veronica Granata , Anna Green , Karen Haughian , Lavinia Heisenberg , Margot Hennig , Stefan Hild , Van Long Hoang , Nathan Holland , Gerardo Iannone , Katharina-Sophie Isleif , Robert Joppe , Chang-Hee Kim , Chunglee Kim , Kyungmin Kim , Erika Korb , Mikhail Korobko , Luise Kranzhoff , Tim Kuhlbusch , Gregoire Lacaille , Angelique Lartaux-Vollard , Lia Lavezzi , Paul Laycock , Sumi Lee , Sumin Lee , Sungho Lee , Giovanni Losurdo , Leonardo Lucchesi , Harald Luck , Adrian Macquet , Ettore Majorana , Valentina Mangano , Filippo Martelli , Iain Martin , Mario Martinez , Alberto Masoni , Luca Massaro , Daniele Melini , Amata Mercurio , Lorenzo Mereni , Andrew L. Miller , Lorenzo Mirasola , Alexandra Mitchell , Irene Molinari , Matteo Montani , Conor Mow-Lowry , Riccardo Murgia , Peter Gordon Murray , Giuseppe Muscas , Luca Naticchioni , Ardiana Nela , Marina Nery , Tom Niggemann , Niklas Nippe , Jerome Novak , Armin Numic , Marco Olivieri , Marco Orsini , June Gyu Park , Daniela Pascucci , Antonio Perreca , Francesco Piergiovanni , Vincenzo Pierro , Laurent Pinard , Innocenzo Pinto , Michele Punturo , Paola Puppo , Francesco Quochi , Reinhardt Omondi Rading , Piero Rapagnani , Marco Ricci , Davi Rodrigues , Rocco Romano , Davide Rozza , Pooya Saffarieh , Federica Santucci , Steven Schramm , Benjamin Schwab , Valeria Sequino , Liam Shelling Neto , Laura Silenzi , Alicia M. Sintes , Carlos F. Sopuerta , Andrew Spencer , Achim Stahl , Jessica Steinlechner , Sebastian Steinlechner , Robert Szabo , Thomas Thummler , Emanuele Tofani , Stefano Torniamenti , Riccardo Travaglini , Lucia Trozzo , M. Paola Vaccaro , Michele Valentini , Peter Van , Jesse van Dongen , Joris van Heijningen , Zeb van Ranst , Marco Vardaro , Patrice Verdier , Daniele Vernieri , Nico Wagner , Janis Woehler , Joachim Wolf , Guido Zavattini , Adrian Zink , Andreas Zmija

In the centenary year of Einstein's General Theory of Relativity, this paper reviews the current status of gravitational wave astronomy across a spectrum which stretches from attohertz to kilohertz frequencies. Sect. 1 of this paper reviews…

The detection of gravitational waves (GW) by the LIGO and Virgo collaborations offers a whole new range of possible tests and opens up a new window which may shed light on the nature of dark energy and dark matter. In the present work we…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-28 Minghui Du , Weiqiang Yang , Lixin Xu , Supriya Pan , David F. Mota

Advanced gravitational wave detectors, currently under construction, are expected to directly observe gravitational wave signals of astrophysical origin. The Einstein Telescope, a third-generation gravitational wave detector, has been…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-20 S. Hild , M. Abernathy , F. Acernese , P. Amaro-Seoane , N. Andersson , K. Arun , F. Barone , B. Barr , M. Barsuglia , M. Beker , N. Beveridge , S. Birindelli , S. Bose , L. Bosi , S. Braccini , C. Bradaschia , T. Bulik , E. Calloni , G. Cella , E. Chassande Mottin , S. Chelkowski , A. Chincarini , J. Clark , E. Coccia , C. Colacino , J. Colas , A. Cumming , L. Cunningham , E. Cuoco , S. Danilishin , K. Danzmann , R. De Salvo , T. Dent , R. De Rosa , L. Di Fiore , A. Di Virgilio , M. Doets , V. Fafone , P. Falferi , R. Flaminio , J. Franc , F. Frasconi , A. Freise , D. Friedrich , P. Fulda , J. Gair , G. Gemme , E. Genin , A. Gennai , A. Giazotto , K. Glampedakis , C. Gräf , M. Granata , H. Grote , G. Guidi , A. Gurkovsky , G. Hammond , M. Hannam , J. Harms , D. Heinert , M. Hendry , I. Heng , E. Hennes , J. Hough , S. Husa , S. Huttner , G. Jones , F. Khalili , K. Kokeyama , K. Kokkotas , B. Krishnan , T. G. F. Li , M. Lorenzini , H. Lück , E. Majorana , I. Mandel , V. Mandic , M. Mantovani , I. Martin , C. Michel , Y. Minenkov , N. Morgado , S. Mosca , B Mours , H. Müller-Ebhardt , P. Murray , R. Nawrodt , J. Nelson , R. Oshaughnessy , C. D. Ott , C. Palomba , A. Paoli , G. Parguez , A. Pasqualetti , R. Passaquieti , D. Passuello , L. Pinard , W. Plastino , R. Poggiani1 , P. Popolizio , M. Prato , M. Punturo , P. Puppo , D. Rabeling , P. Rapagnani , J. Read , T. Regimbau , H. Rehbein , S. Reid , F. Ricci , F. Richard , A. Rocchi , S. Rowan , A. Rüdiger , L. Santamaría , B. Sassolas , B. Sathyaprakash , R. Schnabel , C. Schwarz , P. Seidel , A. Sintes , K. Somiya , F. Speirits , K. Strain , S Strigin , P. Sutton , S. Tarabrin , A. Thüring , J. van den Brand , M. van Veggel , C. van den Broeck , A. Vecchio , J. Veitch , F. Vetrano , A. Vicere , S. Vyatchanin , B. Willke , G. Woan , K. Yamamoto

Next-generation gravitational-wave detectors like the Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer, currently in their preparatory phase, have the potential to significantly improve our understanding of astrophysics, cosmology and fundamental…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-01-23 Michael Ebersold , Tania Regimbau , Nelson Christensen

In this paper, we investigate the sensitivity to additional gravitational wave polarization modes of future detectors. We first look at the upcoming Einstein Telescope and its combination with existing or planned Earth-based detectors in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-08-20 Lionel Philippoz , Adrian Boîtier , Philippe Jetzer

The Einstein Telescope is a conceived third generation gravitational-wave detector that is envisioned to be an order of magnitude more sensitive than advanced LIGO, Virgo and Kagra, which would be able to detect gravitational-wave signals…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-01-20 Duncan Meacher , Kipp Cannon , Chad Hanna , Tania Regimbau , B. S. Sathyaprakash

Gravitational wave (GW) experiments have transformed our understanding of the Universe by enabling direct observations of compact object mergers and other astrophysical phenomena. This chapter reviews the concepts of GW detectors, such as…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-02 Elisa Bigongiari , Matteo Di Giovanni , Giovanni Losurdo

Within the next decade gravitational-wave (GW) observations by Advanced LIGO in the United States, Advanced Virgo and GEO HF in Europe, and possibly other ground-based instruments will provide unprecedented opportunities to look directly…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2009-03-17 Benjamin J. Owen

Gravitational waves encode invaluable information about the nature of the relatively unexplored extreme gravity regime, where the gravitational interaction is strong, non-linear and highly dynamical. Recent gravitational wave observations…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-10-25 Katie Chamberlain , Nicolas Yunes

In this study, we use simple performance metrics to assess the science capabilities of future ground-based gravitational-wave detector networks -- composed of A+ or Voyager upgrades to the LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA observatories and proposed…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-11-13 Ssohrab Borhanian , B. S. Sathyaprakash

The next generation gravitational wave (GW) detectors -- Einstein Telescope (ET) and Cosmic Explorer (CE) will have distance horizons up to $\mathcal{O}(10)$ Gpc for detecting binary neutron star (BNS) mergers. This will make them ideal for…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-06-27 Mainak Mukhopadhyay , Shigeo S. Kimura , Kohta Murase

Gravitational waves (GWs) are expected to play a crucial role in the development of multimessenger astrophysics. The combination of GW observations with other astrophysical triggers, such as from gamma-ray and X-ray satellites,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-01-28 Eric Chassande-Mottin , Martin Hendry , Patrick J. Sutton , Szabolcs Márka
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