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Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) for text generation. In particular, recent LLMs such as ChatGPT and GPT-4 can engage in fluent conversations with users after…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Jonathan D. Chang , Kiante Brantley , Rajkumar Ramamurthy , Dipendra Misra , Wen Sun

Automatically generating feedback via large language models (LLMs) in intelligent tutoring systems and online learning platforms has the potential to improve the learning outcomes of many students. However, both feedback generation and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Alexander Scarlatos , Digory Smith , Simon Woodhead , Andrew Lan

Large Language Models (LLMs) offer novel opportunities for educational applications that have the potential to transform traditional learning for students. Despite AI-enhanced applications having the potential to provide personalized…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Xiaotian Su , Thiemo Wambsganss , Roman Rietsche , Seyed Parsa Neshaei , Tanja Käser

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used across the scientific workflow, including to draft peer-review reports. However, many AI-generated reviews are superficial and insufficiently actionable, leaving authors without concrete,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Sihong Wu , Yiling Ma , Yilun Zhao , Tiansheng Hu , Owen Jiang , Manasi Patwardhan , Arman Cohan

The development of Large Language Models (LLMs) often confronts challenges stemming from the heavy reliance on human annotators in the reinforcement learning with human feedback (RLHF) framework, or the frequent and costly external queries…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Shangding Gu , Alois Knoll , Ming Jin

Recent advances in video multimodal large language models (Video MLLMs) have significantly enhanced video understanding and multi-modal interaction capabilities. While most existing systems operate in a turn-based manner where the model can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yueqian Wang , Songxiang Liu , Disong Wang , Nuo Xu , Guanglu Wan , Huishuai Zhang , Dongyan Zhao

Online education platforms have experienced explosive growth over the past decade, generating massive volumes of user-generated content in the form of reviews, ratings, and behavioral logs. These heterogeneous signals provide unprecedented…

Graphics · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Arman Bekov , Azamat Nurgali

Planning for both immediate and long-term benefits becomes increasingly important in recommendation. Existing methods apply Reinforcement Learning (RL) to learn planning capacity by maximizing cumulative reward for long-term recommendation.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Wentao Shi , Xiangnan He , Yang Zhang , Chongming Gao , Xinyue Li , Jizhi Zhang , Qifan Wang , Fuli Feng

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance in recent years but are fundamentally limited by the underlying training data. To improve models beyond the training data, recent works have explored how LLMs can be used to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Vighnesh Subramaniam , Yilun Du , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Antonio Torralba , Shuang Li , Igor Mordatch

Using large language models (LLMs) to assist psychological counseling is a significant but challenging task at present. Attempts have been made on improving empathetic conversations or acting as effective assistants in the treatment with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Chenhao Zhang , Renhao Li , Minghuan Tan , Min Yang , Jingwei Zhu , Di Yang , Jiahao Zhao , Guancheng Ye , Chengming Li , Xiping Hu

Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a promising basis for creating agents that can tackle complex tasks through iterative environmental interaction. Existing methods either require these agents to mimic expert-provided trajectories or rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Dihong Gong , Pu Lu , Zelong Wang , Meng Zhou , Xiuqiang He

Narrative-driven recommendation (NDR) presents an information access problem where users solicit recommendations with verbose descriptions of their preferences and context, for example, travelers soliciting recommendations for points of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Sheshera Mysore , Andrew McCallum , Hamed Zamani

To acquire instruction-following capabilities, large language models (LLMs) undergo instruction tuning, where they are trained on instruction-response pairs using next-token prediction (NTP). Efforts to improve instruction tuning often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yuxin Xiao , Shujian Zhang , Wenxuan Zhou , Marzyeh Ghassemi , Sanqiang Zhao

Multi-agent collaboration among models has shown promise in reasoning tasks but is underexplored in long-form generation tasks like summarization and question-answering. We extend multi-agent multi-model reasoning to generation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-20 David Wan , Justin Chih-Yao Chen , Elias Stengel-Eskin , Mohit Bansal

Effective conversational agents like large language models (LLMs) must personalize their interactions to adapt to user preferences, personalities, and attributes across diverse domains like education and healthcare. Current methods like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Yanming Wan , Jiaxing Wu , Marwa Abdulhai , Lior Shani , Natasha Jaques

Automatic evaluation is an integral aspect of dialogue system research. The traditional reference-based NLG metrics are generally found to be unsuitable for dialogue assessment. Consequently, recent studies have suggested various unique,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Chen Zhang , Luis Fernando D'Haro , Yiming Chen , Malu Zhang , Haizhou Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly employed in multi-turn conversational tasks, yet their pre-training data predominantly consists of continuous prose, creating a potential mismatch between required capabilities and training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Jing Yang Lee , Hamed Bonab , Nasser Zalmout , Ming Zeng , Sanket Lokegaonkar , Colin Lockard , Binxuan Huang , Ritesh Sarkhel , Haodong Wang

Recently, many studies focus on utilizing large language models (LLMs) into educational dialogues. Especially, within liberal arts dialogues, educators must balance \textbf{H}umanized communication, \textbf{T}eaching expertise, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Haoyu Huang , Tong Niu , Rui Yang , Luping Shi

As Large Language Models (LLMs) have become integral to both research and daily operations, rigorous evaluation is crucial. This assessment is important not only for individual tasks but also for understanding their societal impact and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Zeeshan Rasheed , Muhammad Waseem , Kari Systä , Pekka Abrahamsson

Synthetic data has become an important tool in the fine-tuning of language models to follow instructions and solve complex problems. Nevertheless, the majority of open data to date is often lacking multi-turn data and collected on closed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Nathan Lambert , Hailey Schoelkopf , Aaron Gokaslan , Luca Soldaini , Valentina Pyatkin , Louis Castricato