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Speculative decoding accelerates large language model (LLM) inference by using a small draft model to generate candidate tokens for a larger target model to verify. The efficacy of this technique hinges on the trade-off between the time…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jiebin Zhang , Zhenghan Yu , Liang Wang , Nan Yang , Eugene J. Yu , Zheng Li , Yifan Song , Dawei Zhu , Xingxing Zhang , Furu Wei , Sujian Li

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable success in visual question answering tasks, but their reliance on large numbers of visual tokens introduces significant computational overhead. While existing efficient VLM approaches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zichuan Lin , Yicheng Liu , Yang Yang , Lvfang Tao , Deheng Ye

Scene text recognition (STR) enables computers to recognize and read the text in various real-world scenes. Recent STR models benefit from taking linguistic information in addition to visual cues into consideration. We propose a novel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-10 Jie Wu , Ying Peng , Shengming Zhang , Weigang Qi , Jian Zhang

High inter-class similarity, extreme scale variation, and limited computational budgets hinder reliable visual recognition across diverse real-world data. Existing vision-centric and cross-modal approaches often rely on rigid fusion…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Qinghui Chen , Zekai Zhang , Zaigui Zhang , Kai Zhang , Dagang Li , Wenmin Wang , Jinglin Zhang , Cong Liu

Speculative decoding has rapidly emerged as a leading approach for accelerating language model (LM) inference, as it offers substantial speedups while yielding identical outputs. This relies upon a small draft model, tasked with predicting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Miles Williams , Young D. Kwon , Rui Li , Alexandros Kouris , Stylianos I. Venieris

In medical healthcare, obtaining detailed annotations is challenging, highlighting the need for robust Vision-Language Models (VLMs). Pretrained VLMs enable fine-tuning on small datasets or zero-shot inference, achieving performance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Phuc Pham , Nhu Pham , Ngoc Quoc Ly

Speculative decoding accelerates language model inference by separating generation into fast drafting and parallel verification. Its main limitation is drafter-verifier misalignment, which limits token acceptance and reduces overall…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Frédéric Berdoz , Peer Rheinboldt , Roger Wattenhofer

We introduce MUSE-VL, a Unified Vision-Language Model through Semantic discrete Encoding for multimodal understanding and generation. Recently, the research community has begun exploring unified models for visual generation and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Rongchang Xie , Chen Du , Ping Song , Chang Liu

The emergence of small vision-language models (sVLMs) marks a critical advancement in multimodal AI, enabling efficient processing of visual and textual data in resource-constrained environments. This survey offers a comprehensive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Nitesh Patnaik , Navdeep Nayak , Himani Bansal Agrawal , Moinak Chinmoy Khamaru , Gourav Bal , Saishree Smaranika Panda , Rishi Raj , Vishal Meena , Kartheek Vadlamani

Pre-trained language models (PLMs) have played an increasing role in multimedia research. In terms of vision-language (VL) tasks, they often serve as a language encoder and still require an additional fusion network for VL reasoning,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-23 Shubin Huang , Qiong Wu , Yiyi Zhou , Weijie Chen , Rongsheng Zhang , Xiaoshuai Sun , Rongrong Ji

In the current literature, most embedding models are based on the encoder-only transformer architecture to extract a dense and meaningful representation of the given input, which can be a text, an image, and more. With the recent advances…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Elio Musacchio , Lucia Siciliani , Pierpaolo Basile , Giovanni Semeraro

Vision Language Models (VLMs) offer the exciting possibility of processing text as rendered images, bypassing the need for tokenizing the text into long token sequences. Since VLM image encoders map fixed-size images to a fixed number of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Roy Xie , Dan Friedman , Donghan Yu , Bowen Pan , Christopher Fifty , Jang-Hyun Kim , Xianzhi Du , Zhe Gan , Vivek Rathod , Bhuwan Dhingra

Perception is a fundamental task in the field of computer vision, encompassing a diverse set of subtasks that can be systematically categorized into four distinct groups based on two dimensions: prediction type and instruction type.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Wentao Xiang , Haoxian Tan , Cong Wei , Yujie Zhong , Dengjie Li , Yujiu Yang

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit exceptional performance across a wide range of tasks; however, their token-by-token autoregressive generation process significantly hinders inference speed. Speculative decoding presents a promising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Kai Lv , Honglin Guo , Qipeng Guo , Xipeng Qiu

This paper demonstrates that a progressively aligned language model can effectively bridge frozen vision encoders and large language models (LLMs). While the fundamental architecture and pre-training methods of vision encoders and LLMs have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Junfei Xiao , Zheng Xu , Alan Yuille , Shen Yan , Boyu Wang

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in reasoning and generation for language tasks, they are not specifically designed for multimodal challenges. Training Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), however, is resource-intensive and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Yuqi Pang , Bowen Yang , Haoqin Tu , Yun Cao , Zeyu Zhang

Although current Video-LLMs achieve impressive performance in video understanding tasks, their autoregressive decoding efficiency remains constrained by the massive number of video tokens. Visual token pruning can partially ease this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Quan Kong , Yuhao Shen , Yicheng Ji , Huan Li , Cong Wang

The advancement of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has driven significant progress in Visual Question Answering (VQA), evolving from Single to Multi Image VQA (MVQA). However, the increased number of images in MVQA inevitably…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Kang Zeng , Guojin Zhong , Jintao Cheng , Jin Yuan , Zhiyong Li

Pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs) have shown remarkable generalization capabilities via prompting, which leverages VLMs as knowledge bases to extract information beneficial for downstream tasks. However, existing methods primarily…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Xiaoyu Qiu , Hao Feng , Yuechen Wang , Wengang Zhou , Houqiang Li

Recent works have shown huge success of deep learning models for common in vocabulary (IV) scene text recognition. However, in real-world scenarios, out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words are of great importance and SOTA recognition models usually…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Jinshui Hu , Chenyu Liu , Qiandong Yan , Xuyang Zhu , Jiajia Wu , Jun Du , Lirong Dai