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We present a novel technique for amortized posterior estimation using Normalizing Flows trained with likelihood-weighted importance sampling. This approach allows for the efficient inference of theoretical parameters in high-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Rajneil Baruah

Visual autoregressive models achieve remarkable generation quality through next-scale predictions across multi-scale token pyramids. However, the conventional method uses uniform scale downsampling to build these pyramids, leading to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Xiaofan Li , Chenming Wu , Yanpeng Sun , Jiaming Zhou , Delin Qu , Yansong Qu , Weihao Bo , Haibao Yu , Dingkang Liang

Flow models have rapidly become the go-to method for training and deploying large-scale generators, owing their success to inference-time flexibility via adjustable integration steps. A crucial ingredient in flow training is the choice of…

Normalizing Flows (NFs) are a class of generative models distinguished by a mathematically invertible architecture, where the forward pass transforms data into a latent space for density estimation, and the reverse pass generates new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Yang Chen , Xiaowei Xu , Shuai Wang , Chenhui Zhu , Ruxue Wen , Xubin Li , Tiezheng Ge , Limin Wang

Annealing-based neural samplers seek to amortize sampling from unnormalized distributions by training neural networks to transport a family of densities interpolating from source to target. A crucial design choice in the training phase of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Ezra Erives , Bowen Jing , Peter Holderrieth , Tommi Jaakkola

We introduce BCAT, a PDE foundation model designed for autoregressive prediction of solutions to two dimensional fluid dynamics problems. Our approach uses a block causal transformer architecture to model next frame predictions, leveraging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Yuxuan Liu , Jingmin Sun , Hayden Schaeffer

Normalising-flow variational inference (VI) can approximate complex posteriors, yet single-flow models often behave inconsistently across qualitatively different distributions. We propose Adaptive Mixture Flow Variational Inference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Benjamin Wiriyapong , Oktay Karakuş , Kirill Sidorov

Autoregressive (AR) modeling has achieved remarkable success in natural language processing by enabling models to generate text with coherence and contextual understanding through next token prediction. Recently, in image generation, VAR…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Sucheng Ren , Qihang Yu , Ju He , Xiaohui Shen , Alan Yuille , Liang-Chieh Chen

Neural posterior estimation methods based on discrete normalizing flows have become established tools for simulation-based inference (SBI), but scaling them to high-dimensional problems can be challenging. Building on recent advances in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Maximilian Dax , Jonas Wildberger , Simon Buchholz , Stephen R. Green , Jakob H. Macke , Bernhard Schölkopf

Existing deterministic variational inference approaches for diffusion processes use simple proposals and target the marginal density of the posterior. We construct the variational process as a controlled version of the prior process and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Christian Wildner , Heinz Koeppl

Anomaly segmentation is an essential capability for safety-critical robotics applications that must be aware of unexpected events. Normalizing flows (NFs), a class of generative models, are a promising approach for this task due to their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Chang Won Lee , Selina Leveugle , Svetlana Stolpner , Chris Langley , Paul Grouchy , Jonathan Kelly , Steven L. Waslander

Each training step for a variational autoencoder (VAE) requires us to sample from the approximate posterior, so we usually choose simple (e.g. factorised) approximate posteriors in which sampling is an efficient computation that fully…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-05-29 Laurence Aitchison , Vincent Adam , Srinivas C. Turaga

Unsupervised anomaly detection with localization has many practical applications when labeling is infeasible and, moreover, when anomaly examples are completely missing in the train data. While recently proposed models for such data setup…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Denis Gudovskiy , Shun Ishizaka , Kazuki Kozuka

Video relighting with background replacement is a challenging task critical for applications in film production and creative media. Existing methods struggle to balance temporal consistency, spatial fidelity, and illumination naturalness.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Wenshuo Gao , Junyi Fan , Jiangyue Zeng , Shuai Yang

Data assimilation (DA) is a fundamental component of modern weather prediction, yet it remains a major computational bottleneck in machine learning (ML)-based forecasting pipelines due to reliance on traditional variational methods. Recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Ran Cheng , Lailai Zhu

Text-to-video diffusion models are notoriously limited in their ability to model temporal aspects such as motion, physics, and dynamic interactions. Existing approaches address this limitation by retraining the model or introducing external…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Ariel Shaulov , Itay Hazan , Lior Wolf , Hila Chefer

Sampling from complex target distributions is a challenging task fundamental to Bayesian inference. Parallel tempering (PT) addresses this problem by constructing a Markov chain on the expanded state space of a sequence of distributions…

Computation · Statistics 2023-01-18 Nikola Surjanovic , Saifuddin Syed , Alexandre Bouchard-Côté , Trevor Campbell

Feature matching across video streams remains a cornerstone challenge in computer vision. Increasingly, robust multimodal matching has garnered interest in robotics, surveillance, remote sensing, and medical imaging. While traditional rely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Jie Wang , Chen Ye Gan , Caoqi Wei , Jiangtao Wen , Yuxing Han

Recent studies on inverse problems have proposed posterior samplers that leverage the pre-trained diffusion models as powerful priors. These attempts have paved the way for using diffusion models in a wide range of inverse problems.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Sojin Lee , Dogyun Park , Inho Kong , Hyunwoo J. Kim

This study presents a conditional flow matching framework for solving physics-constrained Bayesian inverse problems. In this setting, samples from the joint distribution of inferred variables and measurements are assumed available, while…