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While message-passing neural networks (MPNNs) have shown promising results, their real-world impact remains limited. Although various limitations have been identified, their theoretical foundations remain poorly understood, leading to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Andreas Roth

We study the approximation power of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) on latent position random graphs. In the large graph limit, GNNs are known to converge to certain "continuous" models known as c-GNNs, which directly enables a study of their…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-01 Nicolas Keriven , Alberto Bietti , Samuel Vaiter

Many real-world graphs (networks) are heterogeneous with different types of nodes and edges. Heterogeneous graph embedding, aiming at learning the low-dimensional node representations of a heterogeneous graph, is vital for various…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Wentao Xu , Yingce Xia , Weiqing Liu , Jiang Bian , Jian Yin , Tie-Yan Liu

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are models that leverage the graph structure to transmit information between nodes, typically through the message-passing operation. While widely successful, this approach is well known to suffer from the…

The rapid growth of graph data poses significant challenges in storage, transmission, and particularly the training of graph neural networks (GNNs). To address these challenges, graph condensation (GC) has emerged as an innovative solution.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Xinyi Gao , Junliang Yu , Tong Chen , Guanhua Ye , Wentao Zhang , Hongzhi Yin

Existing graph neural networks typically rely on heuristic choices for hidden dimensions and propagation depths, which often lead to severe information loss during propagation, known as over-squashing. To address this issue, we propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Zinuo You , Jin Zheng , John Cartlidge

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) face two fundamental challenges when scaled to deep architectures: oversmoothing, where node representations converge to indistinguishable vectors, and oversquashing, where information from distant nodes fails…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Mostafa Haghir Chehreghani

Graph neural networks (GNNs) with missing node features have recently received increasing interest. Such missing node features seriously hurt the performance of the existing GNNs. Some recent methods have been proposed to reconstruct the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Chengxiang Lei , Sichao Fu , Yuetian Wang , Wenhao Qiu , Yachen Hu , Qinmu Peng , Xinge You

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) currently face a critical bottleneck: while individual neurons exhibit dynamic biological properties, their macro-scopic architectures remain confined within conventional connectivity patterns that are static…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Yongsheng Huang , Peibo Duan , Yujie Wu , Kai Sun , Zhipeng Liu , Jiaxiang Liu , Guangyu Li , Changsheng Zhang , Bin Zhang , Mingkun Xu

Generative modeling of graphs with spatial structure is essential across many applications from computer graphics to spatial genomics. Recent flow-based generative models have achieved impressive results by gradually adding and then…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Peter Pao-Huang , Mitchell Black , Xiaojie Qiu

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are powerful tools for learning from graph-structured data, but their scalability is increasingly strained by the size of real-world graphs in domains like recommender systems, fraud detection, and molecular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Mridul Gupta , Samyak Jain , Vansh Ramani , Hariprasad Kodamana , Sayan Ranu

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) for prediction tasks like node classification or edge prediction have received increasing attention in recent machine learning from graphically structured data. However, a large quantity of labeled graphs is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-22 Yuexin Wu , Yichong Xu , Aarti Singh , Yiming Yang , Artur Dubrawski

We present graph partition neural networks (GPNN), an extension of graph neural networks (GNNs) able to handle extremely large graphs. GPNNs alternate between locally propagating information between nodes in small subgraphs and globally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-19 Renjie Liao , Marc Brockschmidt , Daniel Tarlow , Alexander L. Gaunt , Raquel Urtasun , Richard Zemel

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have exhibited state-of-the-art performance across wide-range of domains such as recommender systems, material design, and drug repurposing. Yet message-passing GNNs suffer from over-squashing -- exponential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Danial Saber , Amirali Salehi-Abari

Graph Convolutional Networks (GCN) is a pioneering model for graph-based semi-supervised learning. However, GCN does not perform well on sparsely-labeled graphs. Its two-layer version cannot effectively propagate the label information to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Wei Ye , Zexi Huang , Yunqi Hong , Ambuj Singh

The complicated syntax structure of natural language is hard to be explicitly modeled by sequence-based models. Graph is a natural structure to describe the complicated relation between tokens. The recent advance in Graph Neural Networks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Wei Li , Shuheng Li , Shuming Ma , Yancheng He , Deli Chen , Xu Sun

Last decade has seen the emergence of numerous methods for learning on graphs, particularly Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). These methods, however, are often not directly applicable to more complex structures like bipartite graphs (equivalent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Pavel Procházka , Marek Dědič , Lukáš Bajer

Real-world networks exhibit prominent hierarchical and modular structures, with various subgraphs as building blocks. Most existing studies simply consider distinct subgraphs as motifs and use only their numbers to characterize the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-12-17 Qi Xuan , Jinhuan Wang , Minghao Zhao , Junkun Yuan , Chenbo Fu , Zhongyuan Ruan , Guanrong Chen

Signed graphs are powerful models for representing complex relations with both positive and negative connections. Recently, Signed Graph Neural Networks (SGNNs) have emerged as potent tools for analyzing such graphs. To our knowledge, no…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Zeyu Zhang , Lu Li , Xingyu Ji , Kaiqi Zhao , Xiaofeng Zhu , Philip S. Yu , Jiawei Li , Maojun Wang

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have become a powerful tool for processing graph-structured data but still face challenges in effectively aggregating and propagating information between layers, which limits their performance. We tackle this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Maxim Fishman , Chaim Baskin , Evgenii Zheltonozhskii , Almog David , Ron Banner , Avi Mendelson