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Related papers: The CoT Encyclopedia: Analyzing, Predicting, and C…

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Large language models (LLMs) often fail to learn effective long chain-of-thought (Long CoT) reasoning from human or non-Long-CoT LLMs imitation. To understand this, we propose that effective and learnable Long CoT trajectories feature…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Qiguang Chen , Yantao Du , Ziniu Li , Jinhao Liu , Songyao Duan , Jiarui Guo , Minghao Liu , Jiaheng Liu , Tong Yang , Ge Zhang , Libo Qin , Wanxiang Che , Wenhao Huang

Although large language models (LLMs) have achieved excellent performance in a variety of evaluation benchmarks, they still struggle in complex reasoning tasks which require specific knowledge and multi-hop reasoning. To improve the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Zhipeng Chen , Kun Zhou , Beichen Zhang , Zheng Gong , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen

Large language models (LLMs) have recently attracted considerable interest for their ability to perform complex reasoning tasks, such as chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning. However, most of the existing approaches to enhance this ability rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Xinyi Wang , Lucas Caccia , Oleksiy Ostapenko , Xingdi Yuan , William Yang Wang , Alessandro Sordoni

Recent large language models support inputs of up to 10 million tokens, yet they perform poorly on long-context tasks that require complex reasoning. Such tasks can be solved using only a subset of the input -- a proxy context -- rather…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Miao Li , Irina Saparina , Alexander Gurung , Mirella Lapata

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) has been a widely adopted prompting method, eliciting impressive reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). Inspired by the sequential thought structure of CoT, a number of Chain-of-X (CoX) methods have been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Yu Xia , Rui Wang , Xu Liu , Mingyan Li , Tong Yu , Xiang Chen , Julian McAuley , Shuai Li

Referring Expression Comprehension and Segmentation are critical tasks for assessing the integration of language understanding and image comprehension, serving as benchmarks for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) capabilities. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Qihua Dong , Luis Figueroa , Handong Zhao , Kushal Kafle , Jason Kuen , Zhihong Ding , Scott Cohen , Yun Fu

Stance detection aims to identify the attitude expressed in a document towards a given target. Techniques such as Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting have advanced this task, enhancing a model's reasoning capabilities through the derivation of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Kairui Hu , Ming Yan , Joey Tianyi Zhou , Ivor W. Tsang , Wen Haw Chong , Yong Keong Yap

We study how different Chain-of-Thought (CoT) designs affect the acquisition of the generalizable visual reasoning ability in vision-language models (VLMs). While CoT data, especially long or visual CoT such as "think with image", has been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Yifan Du , Kun Zhou , Yingqian Min , Yue Ling , Wayne Xin Zhao , Youbin Wu

Recent developments have enabled advanced reasoning in Large Language Models (LLMs) via long Chain-of-Thought (CoT), while long CoT suffers from high computational costs and significant latency losses owing to the autoregressive nature of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Chengzhengxu Li , Xiaoming Liu , Zhaohan Zhang , Shaochu Zhang , Shengchao Liu , Guoxin Ma , Yu Lan , Chao Shen

This work introduces Symbolic-Aided Chain-of-Thought (CoT), an improved approach to standard CoT, for logical reasoning in large language models (LLMs). The key idea is to integrate lightweight symbolic representations into few-shot…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Phuong Minh Nguyen , Tien Huu Dang , Naoya Inoue

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being employed in real-world applications in critical domains such as healthcare, it is important to ensure that the Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning generated by these models faithfully…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Sree Harsha Tanneru , Dan Ley , Chirag Agarwal , Himabindu Lakkaraju

Equipped with Chain-of-Thought (CoT), Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive reasoning ability in various downstream tasks. Even so, suffering from hallucinations and the inability to access external knowledge, LLMs often come…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Keheng Wang , Feiyu Duan , Sirui Wang , Peiguang Li , Yunsen Xian , Chuantao Yin , Wenge Rong , Zhang Xiong

Large Language Models (LLMs) significantly benefit from Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting in performing various reasoning tasks. While CoT allows models to produce more comprehensive reasoning processes, its emphasis on intermediate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Zhan Ling , Yunhao Fang , Xuanlin Li , Zhiao Huang , Mingu Lee , Roland Memisevic , Hao Su

Detecting harmful AI actions is important as AI agents gain adoption. Chain-of-thought (CoT) monitoring is one method widely used to detect adversarial attacks and AI misalignment. However, attackers and misaligned models might evade CoT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Shiyuan Guo , Henry Sleight , Fabien Roger

Long chain-of-thought (CoT) supervision has become a common strategy to enhance reasoning in language models. While effective for large models, we identify a phenomenon we call Long CoT Degradation, in which small language models (SLMs;…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Renjie Luo , Jiaxi Li , Chen Huang , Wei Lu

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning enables large language models (LLMs) to break down complex problems into interpretable intermediate steps, significantly enhancing model transparency and performance in reasoning tasks. However, conventional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Junda Wu , Yuxin Xiong , Xintong Li , Sheldon Yu , Zhengmian Hu , Tong Yu , Rui Wang , Xiang Chen , Jingbo Shang , Julian McAuley

While explicit Chain-of-Thought (CoT) equips Large Language Models (LLMs) with strong reasoning capabilities, it requires models to verbalize every intermediate step in text tokens, constraining the model thoughts to the discrete vocabulary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Weihao Liu , Dehai Min , Lu Cheng

Recent advances in chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting have enabled large language models (LLMs) to perform multi-step reasoning. However, the explainability of such reasoning remains limited, with prior work primarily focusing on local…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Sheldon Yu , Yuxin Xiong , Junda Wu , Xintong Li , Tong Yu , Xiang Chen , Ritwik Sinha , Jingbo Shang , Julian McAuley

Chain-of-thought (CoT) offers a potential boon for AI safety as it allows monitoring a model's CoT to try to understand its intentions and reasoning processes. However, the effectiveness of such monitoring hinges on CoTs faithfully…

Current Large Language Models (LLMs), especially Large Reasoning Models, can generate Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning traces to illustrate how they produce final outputs, thereby facilitating trust calibration for users. However, these CoT…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Shiwei Chen , Niruthikka Sritharan , Xiaolin Wen , Chenxi Zhang , Xingbo Wang , Yong Wang