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Related papers: DIF: A Framework for Benchmarking and Verifying Im…

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Generative Large Language Models (LLMs) infer user's demographic information from subtle cues in the conversation -- a phenomenon called implicit personalization. Prior work has shown that such inferences can lead to lower quality responses…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Vera Neplenbroek , Arianna Bisazza , Raquel Fernández

Numerous debiasing techniques have been proposed to mitigate the gender bias that is prevalent in pretrained language models. These are often evaluated on datasets that check the extent to which the model is gender-neutral in its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Mahdi Zakizadeh , Kaveh Eskandari Miandoab , Mohammad Taher Pilehvar

As teachers increasingly turn to GenAI in their educational practice, we need robust methods to benchmark large language models (LLMs) for pedagogical purposes. This article presents an embedding-based benchmarking framework to detect bias…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Yishan Du , Conrad Borchers , Mutlu Cukurova

This paper introduces a comprehensive benchmark for evaluating how Large Language Models (LLMs) respond to linguistic shibboleths: subtle linguistic markers that can inadvertently reveal demographic attributes such as gender, social class,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Julia Kharchenko , Tanya Roosta , Aman Chadha , Chirag Shah

Ensuring fairness in instruments like survey questionnaires or educational tests is crucial. One way to address this is by a Differential Item Functioning (DIF) analysis, which examines if different subgroups respond differently to a…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-01-08 Gabriel Wallin , Yunxiao Chen , Irini Moustaki

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as Mistral and LLaMA have showcased remarkable performance across various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Despite their success, these models inherit social biases from the diverse datasets on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Nirmalendu Prakash , Lee Ka Wei Roy

Standard benchmarks of bias and fairness in large language models (LLMs) measure the association between the user attributes stated or implied by a prompt and the LLM's short text response, but human-AI interaction increasingly requires…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Kristian Lum , Jacy Reese Anthis , Kevin Robinson , Chirag Nagpal , Alexander D'Amour

It is evident that deep text classification models trained on human data could be biased. In particular, they produce biased outcomes for texts that explicitly include identity terms of certain demographic groups. We refer to this type of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-07 Haochen Liu , Wei Jin , Hamid Karimi , Zitao Liu , Jiliang Tang

With the evolution of large language models (LLMs), their robustness against individual simple biases has been enhanced. However, we observe that the ensemble of multiple simple biases still exerts a significant adverse impact on LLMs.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zhouhao Sun , Zhiyuan Kan , Xiao Ding , Li Du , Bibo Cai , Yang Zhao , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

Last few years have seen unprecedented advances in capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). These advancements promise to benefit a vast array of application domains. However, due to their immense size, performing inference with LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Elisabeth Kirsten , Ivan Habernal , Vedant Nanda , Muhammad Bilal Zafar

Large language models (LLMs) are now widely deployed in user-facing applications, reaching hundreds of millions worldwide. As they become integrated into everyday tasks, growing reliance on their outputs raises significant concerns. In…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Robin Staab , Jasper Dekoninck , Maximilian Baader , Martin Vechev

Language Models (LMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance across various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. Despite these advancements, LMs can inherit and amplify societal biases related to sensitive attributes such as gender…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Zhipeng Yin , Zichong Wang , Avash Palikhe , Wenbin Zhang

Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF) has emerged as a key paradigm for task-specific fine-tuning of language models using human preference data. While numerous publicly available preference datasets provide pairwise comparisons…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Ashwin Kumar , Yuzi He , Aram H. Markosyan , Bobbie Chern , Imanol Arrieta-Ibarra

This study investigates gender bias in large language models (LLMs) by comparing their gender perception to that of human respondents, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics data, and a 50% no-bias benchmark. We created a new evaluation set using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Tetiana Bas

Despite LLMs' explicit alignment against demographic stereotypes, they have been shown to exhibit biases under various social contexts. In this work, we find that LLMs exhibit concerning biases in how they associate solution veracity with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yue Zhou , Barbara Di Eugenio

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong generalization across a wide range of tasks. Reasoning with LLMs is central to solving multi-step problems and complex decision-making. To support efficient reasoning, recent studies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Jindong Li , Yali Fu , Li Fan , Jiahong Liu , Yao Shu , Chengwei Qin , Menglin Yang , Irwin King , Rex Ying

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown a high capability in answering questions on a diverse range of topics. However, these models sometimes produce biased, ideologized or incorrect responses, limiting their applications if there is no…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Xiaotian Zhou , Di Tang , Xiaofeng Wang , Xiaozhong Liu

Sociodemographic bias in language models (LMs) has the potential for harm when deployed in real-world settings. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the past decade of research on sociodemographic bias in LMs, organized into a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Vipul Gupta , Pranav Narayanan Venkit , Shomir Wilson , Rebecca J. Passonneau

Recent advances in Foundation Models such as Large Language Models (LLMs) have propelled them to the forefront of Recommender Systems (RS). Despite their utility, there is a growing concern that LLMs might inadvertently perpetuate societal…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Wenyue Hua , Yingqiang Ge , Shuyuan Xu , Jianchao Ji , Yongfeng Zhang

We investigate the efficacy of Large Language Models (LLMs) in detecting implicit and explicit hate speech, examining how models with minimal safety alignment (uncensored) compare with more heavily aligned (censored) counterparts in a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Sanjeeevan Selvaganapathy , Mehwish Nasim