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Diffusion models have had a profound impact on many application areas, including those where data are intrinsically infinite-dimensional, such as images or time series. The standard approach is first to discretize and then to apply…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-09 Jakiw Pidstrigach , Youssef Marzouk , Sebastian Reich , Sven Wang

Score-based generative models (SGMs) have achieved remarkable empirical success, motivating their application to a broad range of data distributions. However, extending them to heavy-tailed targets remains a largely open problem. Although…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-15 Tiziano Fassina , Gabriel Cardoso , Sylvan Le Corff , Thomas Romary

We present a supervised learning framework of training generative models for density estimation. Generative models, including generative adversarial networks, normalizing flows, variational auto-encoders, are usually considered as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Yanfang Liu , Minglei Yang , Zezhong Zhang , Feng Bao , Yanzhao Cao , Guannan Zhang

Score-based diffusion models are a powerful class of generative models, widely utilized across diverse domains. Despite significant advancements in large-scale tasks such as text-to-image generation, their application to constrained domains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Saeid Naderiparizi , Xiaoxuan Liang , Setareh Cohan , Berend Zwartsenberg , Frank Wood

Diffusion guidance is a powerful technique that enables controllable and high-fidelity sample generation with diffusion models. At a high level, it modifies the score function by incorporating a guidance term that steers the generative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Ruijia Cao , Yuchen Wu , Nisha Chandramoorthy

The denoising process of diffusion models can be interpreted as an approximate projection of noisy samples onto the data manifold. Moreover, the noise level in these samples approximates their distance to the underlying manifold. Building…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Abulikemu Abuduweili , Chenyang Yuan , Changliu Liu , Frank Permenter

Score distillation sampling (SDS) has proven to be an important tool, enabling the use of large-scale diffusion priors for tasks operating in data-poor domains. Unfortunately, SDS has a number of characteristic artifacts that limit its…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-12 David McAllister , Songwei Ge , Jia-Bin Huang , David W. Jacobs , Alexei A. Efros , Aleksander Holynski , Angjoo Kanazawa

Generative models have enjoyed widespread success in a variety of applications. However, they encounter inherent mathematical limitations in modeling distributions where samples are constrained by equalities, as is frequently the setting in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Katherine Keegan , Lars Ruthotto

This work introduces a sampling method capable of solving Bayesian inverse problems in function space. It does not assume the log-concavity of the likelihood, meaning that it is compatible with nonlinear inverse problems. The method…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-27 Lorenzo Baldassari , Ali Siahkoohi , Josselin Garnier , Knut Solna , Maarten V. de Hoop

We describe and analyze some Monte Carlo methods for manifolds in Euclidean space defined by equality and inequality constraints. First, we give an MCMC sampler for probability distributions defined by un-normalized densities on such…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-09-21 Emilio Zappa , Miranda Holmes-Cerfon , Jonathan Goodman

Deep generative models such as diffusion and flow matching are powerful machine learning tools capable of learning and sampling from high-dimensional distributions. They are particularly useful when the training data appears to be…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-04-30 Zachary Bogorad , Ibrahim Elsharkawy , Yonatan Kahn , Andrew J. Larkoski , Noam Levi

Diffusion models generate high-quality synthetic data. They operate by defining a continuous-time forward process which gradually adds Gaussian noise to data until fully corrupted. The corresponding reverse process progressively "denoises"…

Machine learning (ML) is used for many earth science applications; however, traditional ML methods trained with squared errors often create blurry forecasts. Diffusion models are an emerging generative ML technique with the ability to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Randy J. Chase , Katherine Haynes , Lander Ver Hoef , Imme Ebert-Uphoff

We consider the problem of generative modeling based on smoothing an unknown density of interest in $\mathbb{R}^d$ using factorial kernels with $M$ independent Gaussian channels with equal noise levels introduced by Saremi and Srivastava…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-03-22 Saeed Saremi , Rupesh Kumar Srivastava , Francis Bach

Reflected diffusions in polyhedral domains are commonly used as approximate models for stochastic processing networks in heavy traffic. Stationary distributions of such models give useful information on the steady state performance of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-05-24 Amarjit Budhiraja , Jiang Chen , Sylvain Rubenthaler

We propose Noise Conditional Variational Score Distillation (NCVSD), a novel method for distilling pretrained diffusion models into generative denoisers. We achieve this by revealing that the unconditional score function implicitly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Xinyu Peng , Ziyang Zheng , Yaoming Wang , Han Li , Nuowen Kan , Wenrui Dai , Chenglin Li , Junni Zou , Hongkai Xiong

Learning to generate graphs is challenging as a graph is a set of pairwise connected, unordered nodes encoding complex combinatorial structures. Recently, several works have proposed graph generative models based on normalizing flows or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Xiaohui Chen , Yukun Li , Aonan Zhang , Li-Ping Liu

Reversing a diffusion process by learning its score forms the heart of diffusion-based generative modeling and for estimating properties of scientific systems. The diffusion processes that are tractable center on linear processes with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Raghav Singhal , Mark Goldstein , Rajesh Ranganath

Score estimation is the backbone of score-based generative models (SGMs), especially denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPMs). A key result in this area shows that with accurate score estimates, SGMs can efficiently generate samples…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-08 Sinho Chewi , Alkis Kalavasis , Anay Mehrotra , Omar Montasser

Score-based Generative Models (SGMs) have achieved impressive performance in data generation across a wide range of applications and benefit from strong theoretical guarantees. Recently, methods inspired by statistical mechanics, in…