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This paper explores the effectiveness of Multimodal Large Language models (MLLMs) as assistive technologies for visually impaired individuals. We conduct a user survey to identify adoption patterns and key challenges users face with such…

Combining conversational AI with refreshable tactile displays (RTDs) offers significant potential for creating accessible data visualization for people who are blind or have low vision (BLV). To support researchers and developers building…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Samuel Reinders , Munazza Zaib , Matthew Butler , Bongshin Lee , Ingrid Zukerman , Lizhen Qu , Kim Marriott

People with visual impairments face numerous challenges in their daily lives, including mobility, access to information, independent living, and employment. Artificial Intelligence (AI) with Computer Vision (CV) has the potential to improve…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Saidarshan Bhagat , Padmaja Joshi , Avinash Agarwal , Shubhanshu Gupta

Blind and visually impaired (BVI) students face significant challenges in traditional educational settings. While screen readers and braille materials offer some accessibility, they often lack interactivity and real-time adaptability to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Crystal Yang , Paul Taele

Web content should be accessible to normal and disabled communities on electronic devices. The Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) has created standard guidelines called Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). Mobile Web Best Practice…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Muhammad Ishaq

People with visual impairments (PVI) use a variety of assistive technologies to navigate their daily lives, and conversational AI (CAI) tools are a growing part of this toolset. Much existing HCI research has focused on the technical…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Jeanne Choi , Dasom Choi , Sejun Jeong , Hwajung Hong , Joseph Seering

Effective visual accessibility in Virtual Reality (VR) is crucial for Blind and Low Vision (BLV) users. However, designing visual accessibility systems is challenging due to the complexity of 3D VR environments and the need for techniques…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Junlong Chen , Rosella P. Galindo Esparza , Vanja Garaj , Per Ola Kristensson , John Dudley

As large language models (LLMs) demonstrate increasing competence in synthesizing functional user interfaces, a fundamental question emerges in accessibility computing: \textit{how far can AI-driven accessibility systems go?} This paper…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Rizwan Jahangir , Daisuke Ishii

Despite their growing popularity, many public kiosks with touchscreens are inaccessible to blind people. Toucha11y is a working prototype that allows blind users to use existing inaccessible touchscreen kiosks independently and with little…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Jiasheng Li , Zeyu Yan , Arush Shah , Jonathan Lazar , Huaishu Peng

Many blind and low vision (BLV) people are excluded from professional roles that may involve visual tasks due to access barriers and persisting stigmas. Advancing generative AI systems can support BLV people through providing contextual and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Lucy Jiang , Lotus Zhang , Leah Findlater

As social virtual reality (VR) grows more popular, addressing accessibility for blind and low vision (BLV) users is increasingly critical. Researchers have proposed an AI "sighted guide" to help users navigate VR and answer their questions,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Jazmin Collins , Sharon Y Lin , Tianqi Liu , Andrea Stevenson Won , Shiri Azenkot

Developing Visual Analytics (VA) applications requires integrating complex machine learning models with expressive interactive interfaces. Developers face a stark trade-off: building tightly-coupled monoliths plagued by fragile…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Thilo Spinner , Matthias Miller , Fabian Sperrle-Roth , Mennatallah El-Assady

Augmented, virtual and mixed reality technologies offer new ways of interacting with digital media. However, such technologies are not well explored for people with different ranges of abilities beyond a few specific navigation and gaming…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-01-11 Pradipta Biswas , Pilar Orero , Manohar Swaminathan , Kavita Krishnaswamy , Peter Robinson

Blind and low vision (BLV) creators use images to communicate with sighted audiences. However, creating or retrieving images is challenging for BLV creators as it is difficult to use authoring tools or assess image search results. Thus,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Mina Huh , Yi-Hao Peng , Amy Pavel

In this paper, we present SeeSay, an assistive device designed for individuals with visual impairments. This system leverages large language models (LLMs) for speech recognition and visual querying. It effectively identifies, records, and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Melody Yu

Video content remains largely inaccessible to blind and low-vision (BLV) users. To address this, we introduce a prototype that leverages a multimodal agent - powered by a novel conversational architecture using a multimodal large language…

Intelligent wearable systems are at the forefront of precision medicine and play a crucial role in enhancing human-machine interaction. Traditional devices often encounter limitations due to their dependence on empirical material design and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Jingyi Zhao , Daqian Shi , Zhengda Wang , Xiongfeng Tang , Yanguo Qin

AI technologies have the potential to dramatically impact the lives of people with disabilities (PWD). Indeed, improving the lives of PWD is a motivator for many state-of-the-art AI systems, such as automated speech recognition tools that…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-08-06 Anhong Guo , Ece Kamar , Jennifer Wortman Vaughan , Hanna Wallach , Meredith Ringel Morris

Many promising applications of multimodal wearables require continuous sensing and heavy computation, yet users reject such devices due to privacy concerns. This paper shares our experiences building an ear-mounted voice-and-vision wearable…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Yonatan Tussa , Andy Heredia , Nirupam Roy

This paper presents a wearable assistive device with the shape of a pair of eyeglasses that allows visually impaired people to navigate safely and quickly in unfamiliar environment, as well as perceive the complicated environment to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-06-25 Jinqiang Bai , Zhaoxiang Liu , Yimin Lin , Ye Li , Shiguo Lian , Dijun Liu