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Estimation of quantum states and measurements is crucial for the implementation of quantum information protocols. The standard method for each is quantum tomography. However, quantum tomography suffers from systematic errors caused by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-19 Adam C. Keith , Charles H. Baldwin , Scott Glancy , E. Knill

Self-testing protocols are methods to determine the presence of shared entangled states in a device independent scenario, where no assumptions on the measurements involved in the protocol are made. A particular type of self-testing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-24 Ivan Šupić , Daniel Cavalcanti , Joseph Bowles

Stabilizer states along with Clifford manipulations (unitary transformations and measurements) thereof -- despite being efficiently simulable on a classical computer -- are an important tool in quantum information processing, with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-27 Ashlesha Patil , Saikat Guha

Quantum computers promise to solve computational problems significantly faster than classical computers. These 'speed-ups' are achieved by utilizing a resource known as magic. Measuring the amount of magic used by a device allows us to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-07 Roy J. Garcia , Gaurav Bhole , Kaifeng Bu , Liyuan Chen , Haribabu Arthanari , Arthur Jaffe

Characterizing large quantum systems with minimal assumptions is a central challenge in quantum information science. Self-testing provides the strongest form of certification by identifying the underlying quantum state solely from observed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-15 Jinchang Liu , Elias X. Huber , Zhenyu Du , Xingjian Zhang , Xiongfeng Ma

The stabilization of a quantum computer by repeated error correction can be reduced almost entirely to repeated preparation of blocks of qubits in quantum codeword states. These are multi-particle entangled states with a high degree of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Andrew M. Steane

Quantum systems have entered a competitive regime where classical computers must make approximations to represent highly entangled quantum states. However, in this beyond-classically-exact regime, fidelity comparisons between quantum and…

Quantum state tomography is the standard tool in current experiments for verifying that a state prepared in the lab is close to an ideal target state, but up to now there were no rigorous methods for evaluating the precision of the state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-04 Takanori Sugiyama , Peter S. Turner , Mio Murao

Fault-tolerant quantum computing requires a universal gate set, but the necessary non-Clifford gates represent a significant resource cost for most quantum error correction architectures. Magic state cultivation offers an efficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-17 Emma Rosenfeld , Craig Gidney , Gabrielle Roberts , Alexis Morvan , Nathan Lacroix , Dvir Kafri , Jeffrey Marshall , Ming Li , Volodymyr Sivak , Dmitry Abanin , Amira Abbas , Rajeev Acharya , Laleh Aghababaie Beni , Georg Aigeldinger , Ross Alcaraz , Sayra Alcaraz , Trond I. Andersen , Markus Ansmann , Frank Arute , Kunal Arya , Walt Askew , Nikita Astrakhantsev , Juan Atalaya , Ryan Babbush , Brian Ballard , Joseph C. Bardin , Hector Bates , Andreas Bengtsson , Majid Bigdeli Karimi , Alexander Bilmes , Simon Bilodeau , Felix Borjans , Jenna Bovaird , Dylan Bowers , Leon Brill , Peter Brooks , Michael Broughton , David A. Browne , Brett Buchea , Bob B. Buckley , Tim Burger , Brian Burkett , Nicholas Bushnell , Jamal Busnaina , Anthony Cabrera , Juan Campero , Hung-Shen Chang , Silas Chen , Zijun Chen , Ben Chiaro , Liang-Ying Chih , Agnetta Y. Cleland , Bryan Cochrane , Matt Cockrell , Josh Cogan , Paul Conner , Harold Cook , Rodrigo G. Cortiñas , William Courtney , Alexander L. Crook , Ben Curtin , Martin Damyanov , Sayan Das , Dripto M. Debroy , Sean Demura , Paul Donohoe , Ilya Drozdov , Andrew Dunsworth , Valerie Ehimhen , Alec Eickbusch , Aviv Moshe Elbag , Lior Ella , Mahmoud Elzouka , David Enriquez , Catherine Erickson , Lara Faoro , Vinicius S. Ferreira , Marcos Flores , Leslie Flores Burgos , Sam Fontes , Ebrahim Forati , Jeremiah Ford , Brooks Foxen , Masaya Fukami , Alan Wing Lun Fung , Lenny Fuste , Suhas Ganjam , Gonzalo Garcia , Christopher Garrick , Robert Gasca , Helge Gehring , Robert Geiger , Élie Genois , William Giang , Dar Gilboa , James E. Goeders , Edward C. Gonzales , Raja Gosula , Stijn J. de Graaf , Alejandro Grajales Dau , Dietrich Graumann , Joel Grebel , Alex Greene , Jonathan A. Gross , Jose Guerrero , Loïck Le Guevel , Tan Ha , Steve Habegger , Tanner Hadick , Ali Hadjikhani , Michael C. Hamilton , Monica Hansen , Matthew P. Harrigan , Sean D. Harrington , Jeanne Hartshorn , Stephen Heslin , Paula Heu , Oscar Higgott , Reno Hiltermann , Jeremy Hilton , Hsin-Yuan Huang , Mike Hucka , Christopher Hudspeth , Ashley Huff , William J. Huggins , Lev B. Ioffe , Evan Jeffrey , Shaun Jevons , Zhang Jiang , Xiaoxuan Jin , Chaitali Joshi , Pavol Juhas , Andreas Kabel , Hui Kang , Kiseo Kang , Amir H. Karamlou , Ryan Kaufman , Kostyantyn Kechedzhi , Tanuj Khattar , Mostafa Khezri , Seon Kim , Paul V. Klimov , Can M. Knaut , Bryce Kobrin , Alexander N. Korotkov , Fedor Kostritsa , John Mark Kreikebaum , Ryuho Kudo , Ben Kueffler , Arun Kumar , Vladislav D. Kurilovich , Vitali Kutsko , Tiano Lange-Dei , Brandon W. Langley , Pavel Laptev , Kim-Ming Lau , Emma Leavell , Justin Ledford , Joy Lee , Kenny Lee , Brian J. Lester , Wendy Leung , Lily Li , Wing Yan Li , Alexander T. Lill , William P. Livingston , Matthew T. Lloyd , Aditya Locharla , Laura De Lorenzo , Erik Lucero , Daniel Lundahl , Aaron Lunt , Sid Madhuk , Aniket Maiti , Ashley Maloney , Salvatore Mandrà , Leigh S. Martin , Orion Martin , Eric Mascot , Paul Masih Das , Dmitri Maslov , Melvin Mathews , Cameron Maxfield , Jarrod R. McClean , Matt McEwen , Seneca Meeks , Anthony Megrant , Kevin C. Miao , Zlatko K. Minev , Reza Molavi , Sebastian Molina , Shirin Montazeri , Charles Neill , Michael Newman , Anthony Nguyen , Murray Nguyen , Chia-Hung Ni , Murphy Yuezhen Niu , Nicholas Noll , Logan Oas , William D. Oliver , Raymond Orosco , Kristoffer Ottosson , Alice Pagano , Agustin Di Paolo , Sherman Peek , David Peterson , Alex Pizzuto , Elias Portoles , Rebecca Potter , Orion Pritchard , Michael Qian , Chris Quintana , Ganesh Ramachandran , Arpit Ranadive , Matthew J. Reagor , Rachel Resnick , David M. Rhodes , Daniel Riley , Roberto Rodriguez , Emma Ropes , Lucia B. De Rose , Eliott Rosenberg , Dario Rosenstock , Elizabeth Rossi , Pedram Roushan , David A. Rower , Robert Salazar , Kannan Sankaragomathi , Murat Can Sarihan , Max Schaefer , Sebastian Schroeder , Henry F. Schurkus , Aria Shahingohar , Michael J. Shearn , Aaron Shorter , Noah Shutty , Vladimir Shvarts , Spencer Small , W. Clarke Smith , David A. Sobel , Barrett Spells , Sofia Springer , George Sterling , Jordan Suchard , Aaron Szasz , Alexander Sztein , Madeline Taylor , Jothi Priyanka Thiruraman , Douglas Thor , Dogan Timucin , Eifu Tomita , Alfredo Torres , M. Mert Torunbalci , Hao Tran , Abeer Vaishnav , Justin Vargas , Sergey Vdovichev , Guifre Vidal , Benjamin Villalonga , Catherine Vollgraff Heidweiller , Meghan Voorhees , Steven Waltman , Jonathan Waltz , Shannon X. Wang , Danni Wang , Brayden Ware , James D. Watson , Yonghua Wei , Travis Weidel , Theodore White , Kristi Wong , Bryan W. K. Woo , Christopher J. Wood , Maddy Woodson , Cheng Xing , Z. Jamie Yao , Ping Yeh , Bicheng Ying , Juhwan Yoo , Noureldin Yosri , Elliot Young , Grayson Young , Adam Zalcman , Ran Zhang , Yaxing Zhang , Ningfeng Zhu , Nicholas Zobrist , Zhenjie Zou , Hartmut Neven , Sergio Boixo , Cody Jones , Julian Kelly , Alexandre Bourassa , Kevin J. Satzinger

Estimating the fidelity of state preparation in multi-qubit systems is generally a time-consuming task. Nevertheless, this complexity can be reduced if the desired state can be characterized by certain symmetries measurable with the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 R. D. Somma , J. Chiaverini , D. J. Berkeland

Detecting entanglement in multipartite quantum states is an inherently probabilistic process, typically with a few measured samples. The level of confidence in entanglement detection quantifies the scheme's validity via the probability that…

We propose a quantum tomography scheme for pure qudit systems which adopts random base measurements and generative learning methods, along with a built-in fidelity estimation approach to assess the reliability of the tomographic states. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-25 Jun Wang , Zhao-Yu Han , Song-Bo Wang , Zeyang Li , Liang-Zhu Mu , Heng Fan , Lei Wang

We consider the quantum memory assisted quantum state verification task, where an adversary prepare independent multipartite entangled states and send to the local verifiers, who then store several copies in the quantum memory and measure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-27 Siyuan Chen , Wei Xie , Ping Xu , Kun Wang

As quantum technologies advance, the ability to generate increasingly large quantum states has experienced rapid development. In this context, the verification and estimation of large entangled systems represents one of the main challenges…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-30 Joshua Morris , Valeria Saggio , Aleksandra Gočanin , Borivoje Dakić

Quantum computers are now on the brink of outperforming their classical counterparts. One way to demonstrate the advantage of quantum computation is through quantum random sampling performed on quantum computing devices. However, existing…

Quantum state tomography is the task of inferring the state of a quantum system by appropriate measurements. Since the frequency distributions of the outcomes of any finite number of measurements will generally deviate from their asymptotic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-11-08 Matthias Christandl , Renato Renner

We study quantum state testing where the goal is to test whether $\rho=\rho_0\in\mathbb{C}^{d\times d}$ or $\|\rho-\rho_0\|_1>\varepsilon$, given $n$ copies of $\rho$ and a known state description $\rho_0$. In practice, not all measurements…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-02 Yuhan Liu , Jayadev Acharya

Maximally entangled states are a key resource in many quantum communication and computation tasks, and their certification is a crucial element to guarantee the desired functionality. We introduce collective strategies for the efficient,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-13 Jorge Miguel-Ramiro , Ferran Riera-Sàbat , Wolfgang Dür

The ability to generate and verify multipartite entanglement is an important benchmark for near-term quantum devices devices. We develop a scalable entanglement metric based on multiple quantum coherences, and demonstrate experimentally on…

We demonstrate a quantum error correction scheme that protects against accidental measurement, using an encoding where the logical state of a single qubit is encoded into two physical qubits using a non-deterministic photonic CNOT gate. For…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 J. L. O'Brien , G. J. Pryde , A. G. White , T. C. Ralph