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Graph neural networks (GNNs) have demonstrated a significant success in various graph learning tasks, from graph classification to anomaly detection. There recently has emerged a number of approaches adopting a graph pooling operation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Yuzhou Chen , Yulia R. Gel

Graph Machine Learning often involves the clustering of nodes based on similarity structure encoded in the graph's topology and the nodes' attributes. On homophilous graphs, the integration of pooling layers has been shown to enhance the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Amy Feng , Melanie Weber

Graph neural networks have attracted wide attentions to enable representation learning of graph data in recent works. In complement to graph convolution operators, graph pooling is crucial for extracting hierarchical representation of graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-22 Xing Gao , Wenrui Dai , Chenglin Li , Hongkai Xiong , Pascal Frossard

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art results on many graph analysis tasks such as node classification and link prediction. However, important unsupervised problems on graphs, such as graph clustering, have proved more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Anton Tsitsulin , John Palowitch , Bryan Perozzi , Emmanuel Müller

Graph Neural networks (GNNs) have recently become a powerful technique for many graph-related tasks including graph classification. Current GNN models apply different graph pooling methods that reduce the number of nodes and edges to learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Muhammad Ifte Khairul Islam , Max Khanov , Esra Akbas

Graph Neural Networks achieve state-of-the-art performance on a plethora of graph classification tasks, especially due to pooling operators, which aggregate learned node embeddings hierarchically into a final graph representation. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-09 Alexandre Duval , Fragkiskos Malliaros

We propose a deep Graph Neural Network (GNN) model that alternates two types of layers. The first type is inspired by Reservoir Computing (RC) and generates new vertex features by iterating a non-linear map until it converges to a fixed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Filippo Maria Bianchi , Claudio Gallicchio , Alessio Micheli

Recently, there has been considerable research interest in graph clustering aimed at data partition using the graph information. However, one limitation of the most of graph-based methods is that they assume the graph structure to operate…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Yiming Wang , Dongxia Chang , Zhiqian Fu , Yao Zhao

Graph pooling is a crucial operation for encoding hierarchical structures within graphs. Most existing graph pooling approaches formulate the problem as a node clustering task which effectively captures the graph topology. Conventional…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Sung Moon Ko , Sungjun Cho , Dae-Woong Jeong , Sehui Han , Moontae Lee , Honglak Lee

Deep learning methods for graphs have seen rapid progress in recent years with much focus awarded to generalising Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to graph data. CNNs are typically realised by alternating convolutional and pooling layers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-04 Yaniv Shulman

Recently, graph neural networks (GNNs) have revolutionized the field of graph representation learning through effectively learned node embeddings, and achieved state-of-the-art results in tasks such as node classification and link…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-21 Rex Ying , Jiaxuan You , Christopher Morris , Xiang Ren , William L. Hamilton , Jure Leskovec

Graph pooling methods have been widely used on downsampling graphs, achieving impressive results on multiple graph-level tasks like graph classification and graph generation. An important line called node dropping pooling aims at exploiting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Gaichao Li , Jinsong Chen , John E. Hopcroft , Kun He

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved strong performance across a range of graph representation learning tasks, yet their adversarial robustness in graph classification remains underexplored compared to node classification. While most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Sofiane Ennadir , Oleg Smirnov , Yassine Abbahaddou , Lele Cao , Johannes F. Lutzeyer

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown significant success for graph-based tasks. Motivated by the prevalence of large datasets in real-world applications, pooling layers are crucial components of GNNs. By reducing the size of input…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Katharina Limbeck , Lydia Mezrag , Guy Wolf , Bastian Rieck

Over-squashing and over-smoothing are two critical issues, that limit the capabilities of graph neural networks (GNNs). While over-smoothing eliminates the differences between nodes making them indistinguishable, over-squashing refers to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Cedric Sanders , Andreas Roth , Thomas Liebig

Graph clustering is a fundamental task in graph analysis, and recent advances in utilizing graph neural networks (GNNs) have shown impressive results. Despite the success of existing GNN-based graph clustering methods, they often overlook…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Ming Gu , Gaoming Yang , Sheng Zhou , Ning Ma , Jiawei Chen , Qiaoyu Tan , Meihan Liu , Jiajun Bu

We consider the hierarchical representation of documents as graphs and use geometric deep learning to classify them into different categories. While graph neural networks can efficiently handle the variable structure of hierarchical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Sohrab Ferdowsi , Nikolay Borissov , Julien Knafou , Poorya Amini , Douglas Teodoro

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), which generalize deep neural networks to graph-structured data, have drawn considerable attention and achieved state-of-the-art performance in numerous graph related tasks. However, existing GNN models mainly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-30 Zhen Zhang , Jiajun Bu , Martin Ester , Jianfeng Zhang , Chengwei Yao , Zhi Yu , Can Wang

Recent years have witnessed the emergence and flourishing of hierarchical graph pooling neural networks (HGPNNs) which are effective graph representation learning approaches for graph level tasks such as graph classification. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-14 Haoteng Tang , Guixiang Ma , Lifang He , Heng Huang , Liang Zhan

We introduce BN-Pool, the first clustering-based pooling method for Graph Neural Networks that adaptively determines the number of supernodes in a coarsened graph. BN-Pool leverages a generative model based on a Bayesian nonparametric…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Daniele Castellana , Filippo Maria Bianchi
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