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Refractory multi-principal element alloys (RMPEAs) represent a novel class of alloys characterized by an extensive compositional design space and the potential for exceptional mechanical performance under extreme conditions. While accurate…
We consider energy-dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) applications where the fundamental parameters method is impractical such as when instrument parameters are unavailable. For example, on a mining shovel or conveyor belt, rocks are…
The manipulation of edge configurations and structures in atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) for versatile functionalization has attracted intensive interest in recent years. The chemical vapor deposition (CVD) approach…
The Vision Transformer (ViT) architecture has established its place in computer vision literature, however, training ViTs for RGB-D object recognition remains an understudied topic, viewed in recent literature only through the lens of…
Efficiently and accurately determining the symmetry is a crucial step in the structural analysis of crystalline materials. Existing methods usually mindlessly apply deep learning models while ignoring the underlying chemical rules. More…
Multimodal Large Language Models have demonstrated powerful cross-modal understanding and reasoning capabilities in general domains. However, in the electromagnetic (EM) domain, they still face challenges such as data scarcity and…
The spectral and angular properties of diffracted transition radiation (DTR) and parametric radiation (PXR) in the ultrasoft X-ray region generated by the periodic structure upon interaction with a relativistic electron beam with energy of…
In this paper, we develop a novel phase retrieval approach to reconstruct x-ray differential phase shift induced by an object. A primary advantage of our approach is a higher-order accuracy over that with the conventional linear…
Beamforming is a key technology in millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications that improves signal transmission by optimizing directionality and intensity. However, conventional channel estimation methods, such as pilot signals or beam…
Recovering high-resolution structural and compositional information from coherent X-ray measurements involves solving coupled, nonlinear, and ill-posed inverse problems. Ptychography reconstructs a complex transmission function from…
Nondestructive detecting defects (NDD) in concrete structures have been explored for decades. Although limited successes were reported, major limitations still exist. The major limitations are the high noises to signal ratio created from…
Molecular and polymeric crystals show a wide range of functional properties that arise from the interplay between the atomic-scale structure of their constituent molecules and the organization of these molecules within the crystal lattice…
Solving crystal structures from kinematical X-ray or electron diffraction patterns of single crystals requires many more diffracted beams to be recorded than there are atoms in the structure, since the phases of the structure factors can…
Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) is widely used for the structural characterization of thin films, particularly for analyzing phase composition and the orientation distribution of crystallites. While various tools exist for…
Due to the lack of phase information, determining the physical parameters of multilayer thin films from measured neutron and X-ray reflectivity curves is, on a fundamental level, an underdetermined inverse problem. This so-called phase…
Ambiguity in medical image segmentation calls for models that capture full conditional distributions rather than a single point estimate. We present Prior-Guided Residual Diffusion (PGRD), a diffusion-based framework that learns voxel-wise…
Vision Transformers (ViTs) are widely adopted in medical imaging tasks, and some existing efforts have been directed towards vision-language training for Chest X-rays (CXRs). However, we envision that there still exists a potential for…
Fabrication of semiconductor heterostructures is now so precise that metrology has become a key challenge for progress in science and applications. It is now relatively straightforward to characterize classic III-V and group IV…
Phase invariants are important pieces of information about the atomic structures of crystals. There are several mathematical methods in X-ray crystallography to estimate phase invariants. The multi-wave diffraction phenomenon offers a…
Coherent diffraction imaging enables the imaging of individual defects, such as dislocations or stacking faults, in materials.These defects and their surrounding elastic strain fields have a critical influence on the macroscopic properties…