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Related papers: Towards Fair In-Context Learning with Tabular Foun…

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In sequential decision-making problems involving sensitive attributes like race and gender, reinforcement learning (RL) agents must carefully consider long-term fairness while maximizing returns. Recent works have proposed many different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Zhihong Deng , Jing Jiang , Guodong Long , Chengqi Zhang

The development of fair machine learning models that effectively avert bias and discrimination is an important problem that has garnered attention in recent years. The necessity of encoding complex relational dependencies among the features…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-24 Yue Zhang , Arti Ramesh

Predicting simple function classes has been widely used as a testbed for developing theory and understanding of the trained Transformer's in-context learning (ICL) ability. In this paper, we revisit the training of Transformers on linear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Shang Liu , Zhongze Cai , Guanting Chen , Xiaocheng Li

A central goal of algorithmic fairness is to reduce bias in automated decision making. An unavoidable tension exists between accuracy gains obtained by using sensitive information (e.g., gender or ethnic group) as part of a statistical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-02-03 Luca Oneto , Michele Donini , Amon Elders , Massimiliano Pontil

Fairness has been a critical issue that affects the adoption of deep learning models in real practice. To improve model fairness, many existing methods have been proposed and evaluated to be effective in their own contexts. However, there…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Junjie Yang , Jiajun Jiang , Zeyu Sun , Junjie Chen

The definition and implementation of fairness in automated decisions has been extensively studied by the research community. Yet, there hides fallacious reasoning, misleading assertions, and questionable practices at the foundations of the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Robert Lee Poe , Soumia Zohra El Mestari

In this work, we introduce a novel paradigm for generalized In-Context Learning (ICL), termed Indirect In-Context Learning. In Indirect ICL, we explore demonstration selection strategies tailored for two distinct real-world scenarios:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Hadi Askari , Shivanshu Gupta , Terry Tong , Fei Wang , Anshuman Chhabra , Muhao Chen

This work addresses fair generative models. Dataset biases have been a major cause of unfairness in deep generative models. Previous work had proposed to augment large, biased datasets with small, unbiased reference datasets. Under this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Christopher TH Teo , Milad Abdollahzadeh , Ngai-Man Cheung

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown strong potential for medical image reasoning, yet fairness across demographic groups remains a major concern. Existing debiasing methods often rely on large labeled datasets or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Dawei Li , Zijian Gu , Peng Wang , Chuhan Song , Zhen Tan , Mohan Zhang , Tianlong Chen , Yu Tian , Song Wang

Although deep learning has demonstrated astonishing performance in many applications, there are still concerns about its dependability. One desirable property of deep learning applications with societal impact is fairness (i.e.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-30 Peixin Zhang , Jingyi Wang , Jun Sun , Xinyu Wang , Guoliang Dong , Xingen Wang , Ting Dai , Jin Song Dong

In-Context Learning (ICL) has emerged as a pivotal capability of auto-regressive large language models, yet it is hindered by a notable sensitivity to the ordering of context examples regardless of their mutual independence. To address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Lizhe Fang , Yifei Wang , Khashayar Gatmiry , Lei Fang , Yisen Wang

Predictive models play a pivotal role in credit risk management, guiding critical decisions through accurate estimation of default probabilities and losses. Extensive research has introduced new modeling techniques, complemented by…

Transformers have demonstrated a strong ability for in-context learning (ICL), enabling models to solve previously unseen tasks using only example input output pairs provided at inference time. While prior theoretical work has established…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Rushil Chandrupatla , Leo Bangayan , Sebastian Leng

Neural processes (NPs) are a powerful family of meta-learning models that seek to approximate the posterior predictive map of the ground-truth stochastic process from which each dataset in a meta-dataset is sampled. There are many cases in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Matthew Ashman , Cristiana Diaconu , Adrian Weller , Richard E. Turner

In-context learning (ICL) i.e. showing LLMs only a few task-specific demonstrations has led to downstream gains with no task-specific fine-tuning required. However, LLMs are sensitive to the choice of prompts, and therefore a crucial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Lingyu Gao , Aditi Chaudhary , Krishna Srinivasan , Kazuma Hashimoto , Karthik Raman , Michael Bendersky

Pretrained Transformers demonstrate remarkable in-context learning (ICL) capabilities, enabling them to adapt to new tasks from demonstrations without parameter updates. However, theoretical studies often rely on simplified architectures…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-06 Samet Demir , Zafer Dogan

Recent studies have shown that large language models (LLMs), when customized with post-training on tabular data, can acquire general tabular in-context learning (TabICL) capabilities. These models are able to transfer effectively across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Xumeng Wen , Shun Zheng , Zhen Xu , Yiming Sun , Jiang Bian

Unintended biases in machine learning (ML) models are among the major concerns that must be addressed to maintain public trust in ML. In this paper, we address process fairness of ML models that consists in reducing the dependence of models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-06 Guilherme Alves , Maxime Amblard , Fabien Bernier , Miguel Couceiro , Amedeo Napoli

TabPFN has recently gained attention as a foundation model for tabular datasets, achieving strong performance by leveraging in-context learning on synthetic data. However, we find that TabPFN is vulnerable to label shift, often overfitting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Seunghan Lee

Ensuring fairness in machine learning remains a significant challenge, as models often inherit biases from their training data. Generative models have recently emerged as a promising approach to mitigate bias at the data level while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Emmanouil Panagiotou , Benoît Ronval , Arjun Roy , Ludwig Bothmann , Bernd Bischl , Siegfried Nijssen , Eirini Ntoutsi