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Face Anti-Spoofing (FAS) is essential for ensuring the security and reliability of facial recognition systems. Most existing FAS methods are formulated as binary classification tasks, providing confidence scores without interpretation. They…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Guosheng Zhang , Keyao Wang , Haixiao Yue , Ajian Liu , Gang Zhang , Kun Yao , Errui Ding , Jingdong Wang

Face Anti-Spoofing (FAS) typically depends on a single visual modality when defending against presentation attacks such as print attacks, screen replays, and 3D masks, resulting in limited generalization across devices, environments, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Honglu Zhang , Zhiqin Fang , Ningning Zhao , Saihui Hou , Long Ma , Renwang Pei , Zhaofeng He

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in vision-related tasks, capitalizing on their visual semantic comprehension and reasoning capabilities. However, their ability to detect subtle visual spoofing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Yichen Shi , Yuhao Gao , Yingxin Lai , Hongyang Wang , Jun Feng , Lei He , Jun Wan , Changsheng Chen , Zitong Yu , Xiaochun Cao

Face recognition remains vulnerable to presentation attacks, calling for robust Face Anti-Spoofing (FAS) solutions. Recent MLLM-based FAS methods reformulate the binary classification task as the generation of brief textual descriptions to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Haoyuan Zhang , Keyao Wang , Guosheng Zhang , Haixiao Yue , Zhiwen Tan , Siran Peng , Tianshuo Zhang , Xiao Tan , Kunbin Chen , Wei He , Jingdong Wang , Ajian Liu , Xiangyu Zhu , Zhen Lei

Recent advances in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in understanding general visual content. However, these general-domain MLLMs perform poorly in face perception tasks, often producing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Jingzhi Li , Changjiang Luo , Ruoyu Chen , Hua Zhang , Wenqi Ren , Jianhou Gan , Xiaochun Cao

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown remarkable performance in vision-language tasks. However, existing MLLMs are primarily trained on generic datasets, limiting their ability to reason on domain-specific visual cues such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Hatef Otroshi Shahreza , Sébastien Marcel

Face anti-spoofing (FAS) has recently advanced in multimodal fusion, cross-domain generalization, and interpretability. With large language models and reinforcement learning (RL), strategy-based training offers new opportunities to jointly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Yingjie Ma , Xun Lin , Yong Xu , Weicheng Xie , Zitong Yu

Although multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved promising results on a wide range of vision-language tasks, their ability to perceive and understand human faces is rarely explored. In this work, we comprehensively evaluate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Haomiao Sun , Mingjie He , Tianheng Lian , Hu Han , Shiguang Shan

Face anti-spoofing (FAS) plays a pivotal role in ensuring the security and reliability of face recognition systems. With advancements in vision-language pretrained (VLP) models, recent two-class FAS techniques have leveraged the advantages…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Pei-Kai Huang , Jun-Xiong Chong , Cheng-Hsuan Chiang , Tzu-Hsien Chen , Tyng-Luh Liu , Chiou-Ting Hsu

Face anti-spoofing (FAS) has lately attracted increasing attention due to its vital role in securing face recognition systems from presentation attacks (PAs). As more and more realistic PAs with novel types spring up, traditional FAS…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-05 Zitong Yu , Yunxiao Qin , Xiaobai Li , Chenxu Zhao , Zhen Lei , Guoying Zhao

Face anti-spoofing (FAS) plays a vital role in securing face recognition systems from presentation attacks. Benefitted from the maturing camera sensors, single-modal (RGB) and multi-modal (e.g., RGB+Depth) FAS has been applied in various…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Zitong Yu , Ajian Liu , Chenxu Zhao , Kevin H. M. Cheng , Xu Cheng , Guoying Zhao

Face anti-spoofing (FAS) or presentation attack detection is an essential component of face recognition systems deployed in security-critical applications. Existing FAS methods have poor generalizability to unseen spoof types, camera…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Koushik Srivatsan , Muzammal Naseer , Karthik Nandakumar

Face Anti-spoofing (FAS) is a challenging problem due to complex serving scenarios and diverse face presentation attack patterns. Especially when captured images are low-resolution, blurry, and coming from different domains, the performance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Xudong Chen , Shugong Xu , Qiaobin Ji , Shan Cao

Face anti-spoofing (FAS) aims at distinguishing face spoof attacks from the authentic ones, which is typically approached by learning proper models for performing the associated classification task. In practice, one would expect such models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-17 Zih-Ching Chen , Lin-Hsi Tsao , Chin-Lun Fu , Shang-Fu Chen , Yu-Chiang Frank Wang

Face anti-spoofing (FAS) plays a vital role in securing the face recognition systems from presentation attacks. Most existing FAS methods capture various cues (e.g., texture, depth and reflection) to distinguish the live faces from the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Zitong Yu , Xiaobai Li , Xuesong Niu , Jingang Shi , Guoying Zhao

Face anti-spoofing (FAS) aims to construct a robust system that can withstand diverse attacks. While recent efforts have concentrated mainly on cross-domain generalization, two significant challenges persist: limited semantic understanding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Kun-Hsiang Lin , Yu-Wen Tseng , Kang-Yang Huang , Jhih-Ciang Wu , Wen-Huang Cheng

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have recently been proposed as a means to generate natural-language explanations for face recognition decisions. While such explanations facilitate human interpretability, their reliability on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Redwan Sony , Anil K Jain , Arun Ross

Face anti-spoofing is critical to the security of face recognition systems. Depth supervised learning has been proven as one of the most effective methods for face anti-spoofing. Despite the great success, most previous works still…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-19 Zezheng Wang , Zitong Yu , Chenxu Zhao , Xiangyu Zhu , Yunxiao Qin , Qiusheng Zhou , Feng Zhou , Zhen Lei

The rapid development of generative AI is a double-edged sword, which not only facilitates content creation but also makes image manipulation easier and more difficult to detect. Although current image forgery detection and localization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Zhipei Xu , Xuanyu Zhang , Runyi Li , Zecheng Tang , Qing Huang , Jian Zhang

With abundant, unlabeled real faces, how can we learn robust and transferable facial representations to boost generalization across various face security tasks? We make the first attempt and propose FS-VFM, a scalable self-supervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Gaojian Wang , Feng Lin , Tong Wu , Zhisheng Yan , Kui Ren
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