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Families of DFAs (FDFAs) have recently been introduced as a new representation of $\omega$-regular languages. They target ultimately periodic words, with acceptors revolving around accepting some representation $u\cdot v^\omega$. Three…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Yong Li , Sven Schewe , Qiyi Tang

We study the learnability of symbolic finite state automata (SFA), a model shown useful in many applications in software verification. The state-of-the-art literature on this topic follows the query learning paradigm, and so far all…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Dana Fisman , Hadar Frenkel , Sandra Zilles

Complementation of finite automata is a basic operation used in numerous applications. The standard way to complement a nondeterministic finite automaton (NFA) is to transform it into an equivalent deterministic finite automaton (DFA) and…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Lukáš Holík , Ondřej Lengál , Juraj Major , Adéla Štěpková , Jan Strejček

Large language models (LLMs) often benefit from verbalized reasoning at inference time, but it remains unclear which aspects of task difficulty these extra reasoning tokens address. To investigate this question, we formalize a framework…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Celine Lee , Alexander M. Rush , Keyon Vafa

Automata learning has many applications in artificial intelligence and software engineering. Central to these applications is the $L^*$ algorithm, introduced by Angluin. The $L^*$ algorithm learns deterministic finite-state automata (DFAs)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Sebastian Hagedorn , Martín Muñoz , Cristian Riveros , Rodrigo Toro Icarte

We show that a well-known family of deterministic finite automata can be used to distinguish distinct binary strings of the same length from every start state. Further, we establish almost matching lower and upper bounds on the number of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Nicholas Tran

A nondeterministic automaton is semantically deterministic (SD) if different nondeterministic choices in the automaton lead to equivalent states. Semantic determinism is interesting as it is a natural relaxation of determinism, and as some…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Bader Abu Radi , Orna Kupferman

We show that there are quantum devices that accept all regular languages and that are exponentially more concise than deterministic finite automata (DFA). For this purpose, we introduce a new computing model of {\it one-way quantum finite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-21 Daowen Qiu , Lvzhou Li , Paulo Mateus , Amilcar Sernadas

We discuss the problem of learning a deterministic finite automaton (DFA) from a confidence oracle. That is, we are given access to an oracle $Q$ with incomplete knowledge of some target language $L$ over an alphabet $\Sigma$; the oracle…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Wilson Wu

Given a nondeterministic finite-state automaton (NFA), we aim to estimate the size of an equivalent deterministic finite-state automaton (DFA). We demonstrate that computing the state complexity of an NFA within polynomial precision is…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Ivan Baburin , Ryan Cotterell

Learning finite automata from positive examples has recently gained attention as a powerful approach for understanding, explaining, analyzing, and verifying black-box systems. The motivation for focusing solely on positive examples arises…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Benjamin Bordais , Daniel Neider

Co-lex partial orders were recently introduced in (Cotumaccio et al., SODA 2021 and JACM 2023) as a powerful tool to index finite state automata, with applications to regular expression matching. They generalize Wheeler orders (Gagie et…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Ruben Becker , Davide Cenzato , Sung-Hwan Kim , Tomasz Kociumaka , Bojana Kodric , Alberto Policriti , Nicola Prezza

Families of DFAs (FDFAs) provide an alternative formalism for recognizing $\omega$-regular languages. The motivation for introducing them was a desired correlation between the automaton states and right congruence relations, in a manner…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Dana Angluin , Udi Boker , Dana Fisman

A complete deterministic finite (semi)automaton (DFA) with a set of states $Q$ is \emph{completely reachable} if every nonempty subset of $Q$ is the image of the action of some word applied to $Q$. The concept of completely reachable…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Robert Ferens , Marek Szykuła

We give algorithms to accelerate the computation of deterministic finite automata (DFA) by calculating the state of a DFA n positions ahead utilizing a reverse scan of the next n characters. Often this requires scanning fewer than n…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-01-16 Steven M. Kearns

The simulation of deterministic pushdown automata defined over a one-letter alphabet by finite state automata is investigated from a descriptional complexity point of view. We show that each unary deterministic pushdown automaton of size s…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2009-05-11 Giovanni Pighizzini

Nondeterministic Discounted-Sum Automata (NDAs) are nondeterministic finite automata equipped with a discounting factor $\lambda>1$, and whose transitions are labelled by weights. The value of a run of an NDA is the discounted sum of the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Shaull Almagor , Neta Dafni

A classical problem in grammatical inference is to identify a deterministic finite automaton (DFA) from a set of positive and negative examples. In this paper, we address the related - yet seemingly novel - problem of identifying a set of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-07 Alexis Linard , Rick Smetsers , Frits Vaandrager , Umar Waqas , Joost van Pinxten , Sicco Verwer

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance on formal language tasks, yet whether this reflects genuine symbolic reasoning or pattern matching on familiar constructions remains unclear. We introduce a benchmark for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Shlok Shelat , Jay Raval , Souvik Roy , Manas Gaur

Affine finite automata (AfA) can be more succinct than probabilistic and quantum finite automata when recognizing some regular languages with bounded-error. In this paper, we improve previously known constructions given for the succinctness…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-01 Abuzer Yakaryılmaz