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Shared-autonomy imitation learning lets a human correct a robot in real time, mitigating covariate-shift errors. Yet existing approaches ignore two critical factors: (i) the operator's cognitive load and (ii) the risk created by delayed or…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Taewoo Kim , Donghyung Kim , Minsu Jang , Jaehong Kim

With their recent development, large language models (LLMs) have been found to exhibit a certain level of Theory of Mind (ToM), a complex cognitive capacity that is related to our conscious mind and that allows us to infer another's beliefs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Mohsen Jamali , Ziv M. Williams , Jing Cai

In this paper we present ToMCAT (Theory-of-Mind for Cooperative Agents in Teams), a new framework for generating ToM-conditioned trajectories. It combines a meta-learning mechanism, that performs ToM reasoning over teammates' underlying…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Pedro Sequeira , Vidyasagar Sadhu , Melinda Gervasio

As robots become more integrated in society, their ability to coordinate with other robots and humans on multi-modal tasks (those with multiple valid solutions) is crucial. Such behaviors can be learned from expert demonstrations via…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Dayi Dong , Maulik Bhatt , Seoyeon Choi , Negar Mehr

Inspired by biological swarms, robotic swarms are envisioned to solve real-world problems that are difficult for individual agents. Biological swarms can achieve collective intelligence based on local interactions and simple rules; however,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2017-09-21 Qiyang Li , Xintong Du , Yizhou Huang , Quinlan Sykora , Angela P. Schoellig

Shared autonomy is an operational concept in which a user and an autonomous agent collaboratively control a robotic system. It provides a number of advantages over the extremes of full-teleoperation and full-autonomy in many settings.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Takuma Yoneda , Luzhe Sun , Ge Yang , Bradly Stadie , Matthew Walter

This paper introduces a novel bio-mimetic approach for distributed control of robotic swarms, inspired by the collective behaviors of swarms in nature such as schools of fish and flocks of birds. The agents are assumed to have limited…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Yigal Koifman , Ariel Barel , Alfred M. Bruckstein

The search for effective collaboration between humans and computer systems is one of the biggest challenges in Artificial Intelligence. One of the more effective mechanisms that humans use to coordinate with one another is theory of mind…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Ramira van der Meulen , Rineke Verbrugge , Max van Duijn

Theory of Mind (ToM) refers to the ability to reason about others' mental states, and higher-order ToM involves considering that others also possess their own ToM. Equipping large language model (LLM)-driven agents with ToM has long been…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Chunjiang Mu , Ya Zeng , Qiaosheng Zhang , Kun Shao , Chen Chu , Hao Guo , Danyang Jia , Zhen Wang , Shuyue Hu

We propose DemoDiffusion, a simple method for enabling robots to perform manipulation tasks by imitating a single human demonstration, without requiring task-specific training or paired human-robot data. Our approach is based on two…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Sungjae Park , Homanga Bharadhwaj , Shubham Tulsiani

Theory of Mind (ToM)-an understanding of the mental states of others-is a key aspect of human social intelligence, yet, chatbots and LLM-based social agents do not typically integrate it. In this work, we demonstrate that LLMs that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 EunJeong Hwang , Yuwei Yin , Giuseppe Carenini , Peter West , Vered Shwartz

Real-time human-artificial intelligence (AI) collaboration is crucial yet challenging, especially when AI agents must adapt to diverse and unseen human behaviors in dynamic scenarios. Existing large language model (LLM) agents often fail to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Xiyun Li , Yining Ding , Yuhua Jiang , Yunlong Zhao , Runpeng Xie , Shuang Xu , Yuanhua Ni , Yiqin Yang , Bo Xu

We propose MToMnet - a Theory of Mind (ToM) neural network for predicting beliefs and their dynamics during human social interactions from multimodal input. ToM is key for effective nonverbal human communication and collaboration, yet,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Matteo Bortoletto , Constantin Ruhdorfer , Lei Shi , Andreas Bulling

With the substantial growth of logistics businesses the need for larger warehouses and their automation arises, thus using robots as assistants to human workers is becoming a priority. In order to operate efficiently and safely, robot…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-01-11 Tomislav Petković , David Puljiz , Ivan Marković , Björn Hein

In complex environments, where the human sensory system reaches its limits, our behaviour is strongly driven by our beliefs about the state of the world around us. Accessing others' beliefs, intentions, or mental states in general, could…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Francesca Bianco , Dimitri Ognibene

Human social interactions depend on the ability to infer others' unspoken intentions, emotions, and beliefs-a cognitive skill grounded in the psychological concept of Theory of Mind (ToM). While large language models (LLMs) excel in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Xuanming Zhang , Yuxuan Chen , Samuel Yeh , Sharon Li

Despite the recent advancement in the social robotic field, important limitations restrain its progress and delay the application of robots in everyday scenarios. In the present paper, we propose to develop computational models inspired by…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Francesca Bianco , Dimitri Ognibene

Theory of Mind (ToM), the ability to understand people's minds based on their behavior, is key to developing socially intelligent agents. Current approaches to ToM reasoning either rely on prompting Large Language Models (LLMs), which are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Zhining Zhang , Chuanyang Jin , Mung Yao Jia , Shunchi Zhang , Tianmin Shu

Machine learning of Theory of Mind (ToM) is essential to build social agents that co-live with humans and other agents. This capacity, once acquired, will help machines infer the mental states of others from observed contextual action…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-21 Dung Nguyen , Phuoc Nguyen , Hung Le , Kien Do , Svetha Venkatesh , Truyen Tran

Predictive manipulation has recently gained considerable attention in the Embodied AI community due to its potential to improve robot policy performance by leveraging predicted states. However, generating accurate future visual states of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Yuhang Huang , Jiazhao Zhang , Shilong Zou , Xinwang Liu , Ruizhen Hu , Kai Xu