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Related papers: Towards Foundation Models for Experimental Readout…

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Scientific foundation models hold great promise for advancing nuclear and particle physics by improving analysis precision and accelerating discovery. Yet, progress in this field is often limited by the lack of openly available large scale…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2025-09-09 Shuhang Li , Yi Huang , David Park , Xihaier Luo , Haiwang Yu , Yeonju Go , Christopher Pinkenburg , Yuewei Lin , Shinjae Yoo , Joseph Osborn , Christof Roland , Jin Huang , Yihui Ren

Neutron/gamma discrimination has been intensively researched in recent years, due to its unique scientific value and widespread applications. With the advancement of detection materials and algorithms, nowadays we can achieve fairly good…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-05-28 Pengcheng Ai , Hongtao Qin , Xiangming Sun , Kaiwen Shang

Cherenkov radiation provides a valuable way to identify high energy particles in a wide momentum range, through the relation between the particle velocity and the Cherenkov angle. However, since the Cherenkov angle depends only on…

Future lepton colliders such as the FCC-ee, CEPC, ILC, or a muon collider will collect large data samples that allow precision physics studies with unprecedented accuracy, especially when the data is collected by innovative state-of-the-art…

We introduce TRENTO, a new parametric initial condition model for high-energy nuclear collisions based on eikonal entropy deposition via a "reduced thickness" function. The model simultaneously describes experimental proton-proton,…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-07-07 J. Scott Moreland , Jonah E. Bernhard , Steffen A. Bass

The objective of this work is to develop an AI foundation model for physical signals that can generalize across diverse phenomena, domains, applications, and sensing apparatuses. We propose a phenomenological approach and framework for…

We present the NuclearConfectionery, a modular framework for simulating the full dynamical evolution of relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Its core hydrodynamic module, CCAKE 2.0, represents a major advance over previous SPH-based…

Advances in machine learning have led to the development of foundation models for atomistic materials chemistry, enabling quantum-accurate descriptions of interatomic forces across chemically diverse compounds at reduced computational cost.…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-07-11 Balázs Póta , Paramvir Ahlawat , Gábor Csányi , Michele Simoncelli

DDCL-Attention is a prototype-based readout layer for transformer encoders that replaces simple pooling methods, such as mean pooling or class tokens, with a learned compression mechanism. It uses a small set of global prototype vectors and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Giansalvo Cirrincione , Rahul Ranjeev Kumar

The proposed new Electron-Ion Collider poses a technical and intellectual challenge for the detector design to accommodate the long-term diverse physics goals envisaged by the program. This requires a 4{\pi} detector system capable of…

Modeling the timing performance of light-based radiation detectors accurately is essential for optimizing time-of-flight positron emission tomography (TOF-PET). We present an analytic framework that combines existing models to predict the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-10-08 Nicolaus Kratochwil , Emilie Roncali , Gerard Arino-Estrada

The Future Circular Collider (FCC) at CERN, a proposed 100-km circular facility with several colliders in succession, culminates with a 100 TeV proton-proton collider. It offers a vast new domain of exploration in particle physics, with…

State-of-the-art vessel segmentation methods typically require large-scale annotated datasets and suffer from severe performance degradation under domain shifts. In clinical practice, however, acquiring extensive annotations for every new…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-02 Kirato Yoshihara , Yohei Sugawara , Yuta Tokuoka , Lihang Hong

Neural networks are one tool for approximating non-linear differential equations used in scientific computing tasks such as surrogate modeling, real-time predictions, and optimal control. PDE foundation models utilize neural networks to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Elisa Negrini , Yuxuan Liu , Liu Yang , Stanley J. Osher , Hayden Schaeffer

Accurate molecular property prediction is central to drug discovery, catalysis, and process design, yet real-world applications are often limited by small datasets. Molecular foundation models provide a promising direction by learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Karim K. Ben Hicham , Jan G. Rittig , Martin Grohe , Alexander Mitsos

A recent study [PRB 100, 075427 (2019)], finally, demonstrated plasmon-analog of refractive index enhancement in metal nanostructures, which has already been studied in atomic clouds for several decades. Here, we simply utilize this…

Optics · Physics 2020-05-26 Mehmet Günay , You-Lin Chuang , Mehmet Emre Tasgin

Machine learning has witnessed substantial growth, leading to the development of advanced artificial intelligence models crafted to address a wide range of real-world challenges spanning various domains, such as computer vision, natural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Tapas Tripura , Souvik Chakraborty

We discuss here future neutrino detectors with physics goals ranging from the eV to the EeV scale. The focus is on future enabling technologies for such detectors, rather than existing detectors or those under construction. The report…

Future space observatories that seek to perform imaging and spectroscopy of faint astronomical sources will require ultra-low-noise detectors that are sensitive over a broad wavelength range. Silicon charge-coupled devices (CCDs), such as…

Understanding the evolution of electrified solid-liquid interfaces during electrochemical reactions is crucial. However, capturing the dynamic behavior of the interfaces with high temporal resolution and accuracy over long timescales…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-11-26 Letian Chen , Yun Tian , Xu Hu , Suya Chen , Huijuan Wang , Xu Zhang , Zhen Zhou