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Quantum tomography is one of the major challenges of large-scale quantum information research due to the exponential time complexity. In this work, we develop and apply a Bayesian state estimation method to experimentally demonstrate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-13 Yang Zhengning , Shihao Ru , Lianzhen Cao , Nikolay Zheludev , Weibo Gao

Quantum state tomography is an important tool in quantum information science for complete characterization of multi-qubit states and their correlations. Here we report a method to perform a joint simultaneous read-out of two superconducting…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2009-05-23 S. Filipp , P. Maurer , P. J. Leek , M. Baur , R. Bianchetti , J. M. Fink , M. Göppl , L. Steffen , J. M. Gambetta , A. Blais , A. Wallraff

We study the estimation of the overlap between two unknown pure quantum states of a finite dimensional system, given $M$ and $N$ copies of each type. This is a fundamental primitive in quantum information processing that is commonly…

Quantum machine learning seeks a computational advantage in data processing by evaluating functions of quantum states, such as their similarity, that can be classically intractable to compute. For quantum advantage to be possible, however,…

We investigate how to experimentally detect a recently proposed measure to quantify macroscopic quantum superpositions [Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 220401 (2011)], namely, "macroscopic quantumness" $\mathcal{I}$. Schemes based on overlap…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-17 Hyunseok Jeong , Changsuk Noh , Seunglee Bae , Dimitris G. Angelakis , Timothy C. Ralph

We propose a detection scheme for measuring the overlap of the quantum state of a weakly excited traveling-field mode with a desired reference quantum state, by successive mixing the signal mode with modes prepared in coherent states and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-10 J. Clausen , M. Dakna , L. Knoll , D. -G. Welsch

Efficient estimation of nonlinear functions of quantum states is crucial for various key tasks in quantum computing, such as entanglement spectroscopy, fidelity estimation, and feature analysis of quantum data. Conventional methods using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-23 Hongshun Yao , Yingjian Liu , Tengxiang Lin , Xin Wang

Estimating the overlap between an approximate wavefunction and a target eigenstate of the system Hamiltonian is essential for the efficiency of quantum phase estimation. In this work, we derive upper and lower bounds on this overlap using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-18 Junan Lin , Artur F. Izmaylov

Scalable estimation of quantum states with readout errors is a central challenge in large multiqubit systems. Existing overlapping-tomography methods improve scalability by working with local subsystems, but they usually assume known or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-17 Amirhossein Taherpour , Alireza Sadeghi , Georgios B. Giannakis

Quantum tomography is a crucial tool for characterizing quantum states and devices and estimating nonlinear properties of the systems. Performing full quantum state tomography on an $N_\mathrm{q}$ qubit system requires an exponentially…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-09 Zhixin Song , Hang Ren , Melody Lee , Bryan Gard , Nicolas Renaud , Spencer H. Bryngelson

Accurately estimating the overlap between quantum states is a fundamental task in quantum information processing. While various strategies using distinct quantum measurements have been proposed for overlap estimation, the lack of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-13 Hao Zhan , Ben Wang , Minghao Mi , Jie Xie , Liang Xu , Aonan Zhang , Lijian Zhang

There are quantum algorithms for finding a function $f$ satisfying a set of conditions, such as solving partial differential equations, and these achieve exponential quantum speedup compared to existing classical methods, especially when…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-02 Koichi Miyamoto , Hiroshi Ueda

As quantum technologies mature, the development of tools for benchmarking their ability to prepare and manipulate complex quantum states becomes increasingly necessary. A key concept, the state overlap between two quantum states, offers a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-23 Leonardo Guerini , Roeland Wiersema , Juan Felipe Carrasquilla , Leandro Aolita

Herein, we propose a novel strategy for implementing a direct readout of the symmetric characteristic function of the quantum states of quantum fields without the involvement of idealized measurements, an aspect that has always been deemed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-23 Zehua Tian , Jiliang Jing , Jiangfeng Du

Qubit measurement is generally the most error-prone operation that degrades the performance of near-term quantum devices, and the exponential decay of readout fidelity severely impedes the development of large-scale quantum information…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-07 Chen Ding , Xiao-Yue Xu , Yun-Fei Niu , Wan-Su Bao , He-Liang Huang

The overlap measurement scheme accomplishes to evaluate the overlap of two input quantum states by only measuring an introduced auxiliary qubit, irrespective of the complexity of the two input states. We find a counterintuitive phenomenon…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-12 Chang-shui Yu , Jun Zhang , Heng Fan

Efficient overlap estimation of high-dimensional quantum states is an important task in quantum information and a core element in computational speedups of quantum machine learning. Here we experimentally demonstrate the SWAP test that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-19 Chi-Huan Nguyen , Ko-Wei Tseng , Gleb Maslennikov , H. C. J. Gan , Dzmitry Matsukevich

Reconstructing the full quantum state of a many-body system requires the estimation of a number of parameters that grows exponentially with system size. Nevertheless, there are situations in which one is only interested in a subset of these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-08 Bruna G. M. Araújo , Márcio M. Taddei , Daniel Cavalcanti , Antonio Acín

Quantum state tomography is a technique in quantum information science used to reconstruct the density matrix of an unknown quantum state, providing complete information about the quantum state. It is of significant importance in fields…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-23 Wenlong Zhao , Da Zhang , Huili Zhang , Haifeng Yu , Zhang-qi Yin

We present a technique for enhancing the estimation of quantum state properties by incorporating approximate prior knowledge about the quantum state of interest. This method involves performing randomized measurements on a quantum processor…

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